Prevod:
Preamble: I do not want to write a cover various aspects, Concise History of the Mongolian on the article, as it has numerous Chinese and foreign historians and history lovers about this work. For familiar things, I do not want to spend more ink. I only based on the development of the Mongolian nation since ancient times to be a main line, using the point, face a combination of methods, highlighting some of the details, and sketched out a rough outline. This outline will focus on that, from time immemorial, the Mongols and their ancestors challenging and international. Stage of their activities, not restricted to geography on the Mongolian Plateau, the Great Wall and Mountains from the Black Sea and Danube River directly west of the hinterland of the Eurasian steppes, are all ideal home national horseback. For thousands of years, their non-stop Mercedes-Benz in this vast boundless wilderness, in the lower half of the old world Shenluo own imprint, multiply the number of brothers and sisters; these strong character, wisdom, calm and nomadic people, starring the magnificent scenes historical drama, the development of the world and made an outstanding and unique contributions!
First, the ancestors of the Mongols
Once there was a time,
The initial formation of the blue sky,
Golden earth has just formed,
The Morning Star is still very scarce in heaven,
The creatures are not a lot of ground ,------
- Barag small epic "Ala hoarse Lu"
Mongol origin, or a controversial issue, but can be roughly divided into two views: from the Huns - Turks say the sun beating д shout ostrich suddenly felt spy д ┤ blanket weed kitchen Huan Kun-hui from come to know when the hammer ǎ ? Shiwei, said the majority of Chinese scholars and Western scholars accepted this view (in addition, there are Mongolian origin that stems from the Yellow Emperor said, from India - Tibet that are credible). I agree with the latter view, and this lifestyle is not only the inherited tradition, a large number of foreign historical evidence, more linguistic support, which will also be a focus of this article.
Let us put aside the fog of history, from the Clan's mother, Hu talked about the East.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Central Plains were often called the Huns as "Hu", so the Huns east of a nomadic hunting tribe known as the "East Hu," Obviously, this is not her real name. At that time, Yan Dong Hu distributed in the north of the country, Zhao east (now Inner Mongolia Chifeng Xar Moron River and the old Ha River), several times and Yan, Zhao war. Qin Dynasty, Dong Hu was strong, the East King Hu (Unfortunately, the historical data did not leave his name) holding potential to obtain good horse Huns, Miki, however, he met a tough opponent, who first nomad legend Mao Dun Hero Hun Chanyu twin leather shoes (? ~ 174 years ago). When the East King Hu third requirement was ceded to the frontier west neighbor beaten off (this is an old Altaic language, Turkish Oda, Chagatai language Odak, meaning room; Tungusic of Otok, which means sky; cloth Li Yate language Otok, which means camping; Mongolian Otog, meaning tribal, clan, Tuen camp, specifically constituted mainly by the close relationship between the nomadic family groups and their geographical combination) than when large tracts of abandoned land , Mao Dun's answer to his declaration of war was called, in the Xiongnu slap in the face, the arrogant king of the East, Hu and his tribal coalition disintegrated, and the remaining part of the Ministry of minority retreated Wuhuan Hill (now Inner Mongolia Chifeng Alukerqinqi North, Daxinganling southern end), so called Wuhuan; retreated to another part of the more northern Xianbei Hill (now Inner Mongolia, Mongolian Xinganmeng flag right in the North West and the winding area), so named after the Clan. 207 years, Tadun in Liucheng (now Liaoning Jinxi City, North West) is the chief representative of the northern warlord Cao Cao (155 - 220) break, Tadun killed thousand of their deployment were moved off the mainland, then gradually into the Han in.
Relative to the Yingyingchaochao Wuhuan, the reputation of their brothers Xianbei louder, greater impact. Xianbei and "Xianbei Mountain", especially "big Xianbei Mountain" closely associated. 1980 meters Wen-ping After the tour, the peak in northern foothill Daxinganling "Ga cents (Kaxia) hole" (now Inner Mongolia Hulunbeier Oroqen Ali town northwest 10 km) on the walls, found Xianbei descendants (the Northern Wei ) ancestors of the Zhu-Wen, which confirmed the "Big Clan Mountain" orientation, that live in the original XianBei (see rice paper flat "Xianbei Shishi discovery and preliminary study"). 1st century AD, the Huns fled North Xianbei by the machine, only according to old haunt the desert south of the Huns, the Huns Yuzhong 10 million off the merger, the burgeoning forces. 2 mid-century and three centuries ago, leaves two Clan leader Tan Shi Huai (137? ~ 181 years) and Ke energy (? ~ 235 years) has to play Khan Mountain (now Yanggao County North 150 km) and desert South of center, the establishment had all the local Clan and tribal alliance. Chinese-American scholars, Mr. Zhu Xueyuan attempt to name these two leaders into Qingis-haan test set and Hubilai (ie Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan, see Zhu Xueyuan, "the origins of Ethnic Groups in Northern China", 89 ~ 90), except to prove Xianbei and Mongol history and relationship, the sound on the exploration and not convincing.
Jin Dynasties, Xianbei ministries Horseshoe south into the disease, one after another in the Central Plains to establish a group of separatist regime. For technical reasons, I can only be expressed as follows, the following entries, from front to back as follows: name of country - starting and ending time - the creator-owned Clan clan - the capital (many in the turbulent regime, so the capital often move) - death in the family where any country.
337 ~ 370 years before Murong Shi Yan City (now Chaoyang City, Liaoning), Ji (now southwest of Beijing), Ye (this barrier County, Hebei Pro southwest) Di's Former Qin
384 - 394 West Yan Mu Rongshi Chang'an (now Xi'an, capital of northwest Shaanxi Province), the eldest son (now Shanxi Changzhi South) XianBei the Hou-yan
Hou-yan 384 ~ 407 Murong Shi Zhongshan (today's Hebei Dingzhou), City of North Yan Han
Xiqin 385 ~ 431 Yuan Chuan begging V's (now North Yuzhong County, Gansu), Jincheng (today's Lanzhou City, Gansu Province), hold rare (now Gansu Linxia), Southampton (now Gansu Longxi County) Huns Xia
Cool 397 - 414 South alopecia's (Tuoba the transfer sound) Huangzhong (now Qinghai Huangzhong), Xiping (Xining, Qinghai Province today), Ledu (now Qinghai Ledu), Guzang (now Qinghai Wuwei) Xianbei people Xiqin
Nanyan 398 to 410 years Murong Shi Slide (Henan Hua County southeast), wide solid (now Qingzhou City, Shandong northwest) of the Eastern Jin Han
Generation of 315 ~ 376 Tuoba Sheng Yue (now the capital of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and Lingle County North) Di's Former Qin
Northern Wei 386 ~ 534 Tuoba Sheng Yue, Ping Cheng (now Datong City, Shanxi East), Luoyang (Henan Luoyang City East) split into eastern and Western Wei
Eastern Wei 534 ~ 550 Yuanshi (ie Tuoba) Northern Qi Chunqiu Ye Han Chinese community;
Western Wei 534 ~ 556 Yuanshi (ie Tuoba) Northern Zhou Chang XianBei
Northern Zhou 556 - 581 Yuwen Shi Chang Han Sui
These Xianbei dynasty, the most remarkable is the Tuoba North Weidi Guo, she is the first unified North China's minority regime, the French Orientalist Reina - Grew game in his writings praised Tuoba dynasty "Give us the Yungang and Longmen great sculpture" (see Grew race "Prairie Empire", p. 85). Trip with the completion of these works of art, TuoBaXianBei voluntarily taken the final step in localization. There is a widespread Northern folk song "Mulan," about a girl is a localization of the Clan legend of Mulan.
Has retained much from the Chinese transliteration of the Xianbei with language, scholars have found the Mongolian language and the consistency of Xianbei (see Liu Yingsheng "Silk Road culture - Prairie Volume", 91 ~ 92). It was further pointed out that the Clan (Serbi-Sirbi) is the geographic place names later Siberia (Siberia, meaning Xianbei place) an origin. Today, China Xibe (Xibe) family name, no doubt derived from that Clan, although their language is full of language support. As a Tuoba, then spread to the West, into a medieval China's another name in the Turkic language for Tabqaci or Tabghach, in Arabic as Tamghaj, in medieval Greek as Taugaste, corresponding to the Yuan Dynasty Chinese phonetic writing "peach stone." 6th century, active in the Qinghai region Qiang party items (ie, those who later established the Western Xia Dynasty) leader surnamed Tuoba until 9 end of the century, has been transferred to the northern part of Shaanxi people's Tuoba party items, it is given the surname of the Tang Dynasty replaced (but after the founding of the party's key people, its rulers use the surname neither Tuoba, nor Lee, but the surname Wei name). Half of the 10th century to early 13th century, founding the Turks in Central Asia where the rulers of Kerala Khan dynasty, also usually add a number of its king, "Peach Stone (Tuoba) Khan," the compliance number. The episode shows that "known and Hou Wei (Northern Wei) royal family might be related, but in order to demonstrate its ruling group as a means of legal status in the region of northern China and Guinea, Tuoba name evidently had a high prestige." {see [Germany] Herbert - Frank (ie Fuhai Bo), [United Kingdom] Denis - InterVideo Chet (ie Cuirui De), "Cambridge History of China Liao Xia Jin", 177} Later, the name continues to Tuoba Northern reduced, as the source region of the Yenisei River, speaking Turkic Turkic - Mongol mixed race Tuva (Tuvas, or mapping Palestinian Tubas) name.
i onaj nesrecnik Zivkovic na kopernikus pa svaka diskusija o nasoj istoriji mi presedne posle njega...
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