Историја грчког народа

Yiannis Boutaris, the Vlach mayor of Thessaloniki

http://www.jta.org/2016/07/05/news-...reek-city-to-remember-its-vibrant-jewish-past

WASHINGTON (JTA) – “I am proud to be a Vlach,” says Yiannis Boutaris, the mayor of Thessaloniki, Greece’s second largest city.

Ostensibly, we’re here at the Washington Hilton to discuss Boutaris’ bid to put the Jewish back in Thessaloniki, a city — perhaps best known as Salonika —once home to the largest numbers of Jews in Greece.

But I’m the one who brought up the Vlachs, a dwindling minority of speakers of an ancient Latin dialect, scattered throughout the Balkans. When he ambles over, I greet him with the “Ci fac?” I have learned from my wife’s family. Pronounced “Tzi fatz,” it more or less means “what’s up?”


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiannis_Boutaris

Yiannis Boutaris was born in Thessaloniki in 1942, the son of winemaker Stelios Boutaris and Fanny Vlachos, from the Vlach Nichota family in the town of Krusevo, Republic of Macedonia.

https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Γιάννης_Μπουτάρης

Η καταγωγή του είναι βλάχικη, από το Κρούσοβο (σήμερα βρίσκεται στην ΠΓΔΜ), το Νυμφαίο Φλώρινας και την Μοσχόπολη (σήμερα βρίσκεται στην Αλβανία). Ο προ-προπάππους του, έμπορος από το Νυμφαίο, Ιωάννης Μπουτάρης, ήταν πρωτεργάτης της Μακεδονικής επανάστασης (1866 - 1867) και ιδρυτικό στέλεχος της Νέας Φιλικής Εταιρείας.
 
Copy & paste - skinuto sa linka koji vise ne postoji.

>> Origins of the term "Karagouni"

It is generally agreed that Karagounides are essentially
Arvanitovlachs
. Whilst the term "Karagounis" is often (mis)used in a
restricted parochial way, i.e., primarily for the inhabitants of the
Thessalian plains and the southern Karditsa lowlands, most authors agree
that the term should be extended to encompass -collectively- the
Arvanitovlachs of Mainland Greece ("Roumeli"). The term Roumeli in this
context pertains to the Modern Greek usage denoting "Sterea Hellas", as
opposed to the historical usage of the term "Rumelia" which refers to
the Balkan territories of the Ottoman Empire. The etymology of the word
Karagounis is unclear but the widely held view that it refers to the
signature attire of Arvanitovlachs, notably the black cloak [kápa], is
probably too simplistic.

In reality, Arvanitovlachs are far more ubiquitous in the Helladic
lands
. From the Agrafa mountains and the highlands of Akarnania and
Evrytania to Attica and Argolis [...and possibly even further south,
extending to the highlands of Arcadia (including -but not limited to-
Kynouria/Tsakonia) and Laconia (Mt. Párnon)]
. The accounts of XIX
century European travelers such as Pouqueville, Cousinery (1831),
Gustave d'Eichtal (1834), Edmund About (1852-1854), Weigand (1888-1889),
and others, are indeed most fascinating in this regard.

[also, see "Arvanitovlachs of Roumeli" -- Asterios Koukoudis Studies on
the Vlachs. 2nd Vol. (Greek edition)- The Vlachs: Metropolis and
Diaspora.í Zitros Publications: Thessaloniki, 2000]

http://web.otenet.gr/vlachs/contents-b-7-uk.htm

C.D.K.

http://maillists.uci.edu/mailman/public/mgsa-l/2003-September/002264.html
 
У оној мери у којој је Спартак предак Бугара.
Јер на простору данашње Бугарске су живели Трачани, што је био Спартак.
Онда након разних досељавања и асимилације локалног становништва ту сада живи словенски народ који се зобе Бугари
Исто тако је и Александар Македонски, несловенске Македоније, предак људима словенске Македоније

Познајем пуно људи који носе име Спартак.Неколико фудбалски клубови у Бугарској се називају Спартак.А ово је један од многих споменика Спартака у Бугарској

По%20стъпките%20на%20Спартак.JPG
 
1) Book ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΟΒΛΑΧΟΙ (ΑΡΜΑΝΟΙ) (ΠΡΩΤΟΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ), by ΕΞΑΡΧΟΣ ΓΙΩΡΓΗΣ.

Βλαχοχώρια της Πελοποννήσου, στην περιοχή των Ολυμποχωρίων του Άργους, στην περιοχή των Καλαβρύτων, στον Χελμό (Αροανία), στην λοιπή ορεινή Αρκαδία και στο Παναχαϊκών, πλησίον της Πάτρας.

Είναι και τα βλαχοχώρια του Ταυγέτου της Μάνης, που αποβλαχίστηκαν σχεδόν από τον 17ο και 18ο αιώνα. Μέχρι και τελευταία, στα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα, αρμανόγλωσσοι Βλάχοι ζούσαν σε πολλές ορεινές περιοχές της Πελοποννήσου.

Vlach settlements in Peloponnesus, in the region of Olympus passages of Argos, in the area of Kalavryta, in Chelmos (Aroania)*, the rest of Arcadia and Panachaiko**, near Patras.

The Vlach villages of Taygetos in Mani, who lost the language almost from the 17th and 18th century. Until recently, in the mid 19th century, Armanian-speaking Vlachs live in many mountain areas of the Peloponnese.

* - Aroania, also known as Helmos or Chelmos (Χελμός, from South Slavic chlmo, "summit"), is a mountain range in Achaea.
** - Panachaiko, also known as Vodias in the Middle Ages, is also a mountain range in Achaea.

Βλαχοχώρια της Εύβοιας, τόσο στην κεντρική και στη βόρεια Εύβοια, όσο και στην περιοχή Αλιβερίου-Κύμης, αποβλαχισμένα στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα.

Vlach settlements in Euboea, both in the central and northern Euboea and in Kymi-Aliveri, lost the (Vlach) language in the early 19th century.

Page 161 of above book: "So, in 1810 the Armani-Vlachs of Macedonia, Albania, Epirus, Thessaly, Central Greece, Peloponnese (without islands) surpass 700,000 inhabitants, amounting to 37% of the total population of Greek territories."

2) The following was said (in 1821) by one French linguist about the inhabitants of Sparta:

"From their manners, their features, and the names of many of the neighboring places, I should be tempted to regard them as proceeding from Sclavonian blood: many travellers pretend, however, to have discovered in these barbarous hordes traces of a Spartan origin."

3) The first Christian Albanian migrations to what is today Greek territory took place as early as the XI-XII centuries (Trudgill, 1975:5; Banfi, 1994:19), although the main ones most often mentioned in the bibliography happened in the XIV-XV centuries, when Albanians were invited to settle in depopulated areas by their Byzantine, Catalan or Florentine rulers (Tsitsipis, 1994:1; Trudgill, 1975:5; Nakratzas, 1992:20-24 & 78-90; Banfi, 1994:19). According to some authors, they were also fleeing forced Islamization by the Turks in what is today Albania (Katsanis, 1994:1). So, some have estimated that, when the Ottomans conquered the whole Greek territory in the XV century, some 45% of it was populated by Albanians (Trudgill, 1975:6). Another wave of Muslim Albanian migrations took place during the Ottoman period, mainly in the XVIII century (Trudgill, 1975:6; Banfi, 1994:19).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arvanitic_language/Archive_1

4) "Since most Slav toponyms allude to some aspect of nature, they obviously derive from a peasant and shepherd culture. It is not always clear whether they were brought into Greece by Slavs who settled down permanently, by tenants situated on monastic and lay estates, or by the Vlachs, Arvanito-Vlachs, and Albanians, who became thoroughly intermixed with the Slavs, particularly in the western districts.

When the controversy surrounding Fallmerayer's theory was at its height, Thomas Gordon, the Scottish philhellenist and participant in the Greek revolution of 1821 to 1829, observed that certain scholars had looked for traces of Slav settlement and influence in the Peloponnese. But he found that these really belonged to the hellenized descendants of Albanians, who were not only still living there but also still spoke their own language. Gordon, who at least knew the Peloponnese at first hand, maintained that these people were definitely not descendants of Slavs but rather of Albanians, who had come into Greece during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It is now known that these new immigrants settled down in the Peloponnese and Epirus, particularly in the region of the Pindus Mountains. It is also known that many of these Illyrian Albanians spoke a Latin dialect. They were, in other words, Arvanito-Vlachs, who, besides their own Vlach language, also spoke Albanian fluently. Their subsequent impact on Greece, especially in the south, was much more lasting than that of any of the preceding Slav migrations.

The descent of the Albanians into Attica and the Peloponnese took place after 1382 during the last years of Catalan control (1311-1388). Attica had been recently devastated by a company of Navarrese soldiers of fortune, and as a step towards the repopulation of this region King Peter IV of Aragon gave official consent to Albanian colonization, which subsequently extended to the highlands of Boeotia, thence to Euboea, and, finally, during the Turkish occupation, to the islands of Salamis, Aegina, Angistri, and Andros.

Settlements were made with official concurrence in Achaia, Elis, and Arcadia, whence they spread into Messenia and Argolis.

It is likely that Arvanito-Vlachs and Vlachs were also caught up in the migratory stream of Albanians to the Peloponnese. In this regard Cousinery calls our attention to the fact that there were certain peoples in the mountainous parts of Argolis who, besides speaking Greek, spoke a language which was practically identical with that of the Macedonian Vlachs."

5) The English Folk-Play, E. K. Chambers.

Page 229:

"In Epirus, where the inhabitants are mainly Hellenized Vlachs, there is a spring revival ceremony without a combat."

https://books.google.ca/books?id=rd...q=the english folk-play vlachs epirus&f=false
 
Poslednja izmena:
1) Mémoires de la Société Ethnologique, 1841 - Page 99:

"Des Valaques se sont établis sur les montagnes de l'Arcadie, et leur langue, mêlée de grec moderne, est en usage dans une partie de la population. Les bergers de ces montagnes sont meme designes par le nom de ce peuple, en sorte qu'on a pu croire, et l'on croit en effet qu'ils ne descendent pas des anciens Arcadiens, mais des Valaques. Vous pensez bien que je ne pouvais admettre cette opinion. M. de Stackelberg a reconnu qu'on trouvait parmi eux beaucoup de figures semblables a celles des veritables Grecs; et M. de Brondsted m'a assure qu'il avait vu les belles formes du type grec pour le moins aussi souvent chez les bergers d'Arcadie que chez les Mainotes, qui representent les anciens Lacedemoniens."

Translation:

"Vlachs have settled on the mountains of Arcadia, and their language, mingled with modern Greek, is in use in a part of the population. The shepherds of these mountains are even designated by the name of this people, so that one may believe, and it is believed that they do not descend from the ancient Arcadians, but from the Vlachs. You do not think I could accept that opinion. M. de Stackelberg has admitted that many of them were found to be similar to those of the true Greeks; And M. de Brondsted assured me that he had seen the beautiful forms of the Greek type at least as often with the shepherds of Arcadia as with the Mainotes, who represent the ancient Lacedemonians."

2) The following comes from Hê herôis tês hellênikês espanastaseôs: êtoi skênai en Helladi (1821-1828), By Stéfanos Th Xénos, Chatzigeorgíou-Chasióti. On page 417, it is stated that the Vlachs came to Greece (Ελλάδα) in the 10th century.

Top of Page 417: "...οι Βλάχοι οι ελθόντες τον δέκατον αιώνα εις την Ελλάδα."
 
Origin of Pontian Greeks

http://www.ithesis.gr/politikh/oi-p...-po-tou-ksaposteilan-to-1923-stin-ellada-mas/

ΟΙ ΠΟΝΤΙΟΙ ΔΕΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ, ΕΙΝΑΙ ΙΘΑΓΕΝΗΣ ΦΥΛΗ ΜΟΥΣΟΥΛΜΑΝΩΝ, ΠΟΥ ΤΟΥΣ ΞΑΠΟΣΤΗΛΑΝ ΤΟ 1923 ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΜΑΣ

(Pontioi nisu Heleni)


The self-proclaimed Pontians are the Christianized arm of the native tribe of the Muslim Laz people who were expelled to Greece in 1923 under the Lausanne Treaty.

The second and most important part of Laz people remained in Lazistan (Pontus) because they embraced the Muslim religion.

Lazistan (Lazona) was the Ottoman name for the administrative province of the Vilaet of Trebizond, which was inhabited by native Lazes who spoke the Laz language.

Continuous historical reference of the "Byzantine" chroniclers to the (Comnenus) emperors of Trebizond with the nickname "Archontes of the Lazes", certifies the racial identity of the Pontian-Lazes. The words / terms Pontos, Hellas and Hellenic are absent in sources. A reference to the Laz name is in 380 AD when the Great Theodosius first awarded the title of "The Highness of the Colchis and the Laz", while Prokopios writes in the years of Justinian «Λαζοί (Lazoi) τα μεν πρώτα yην Κολχίδα ώκουν».

In the 18th century Laz Muslims settled in Cyprus and Crete, transferring their cultural influence. An important community of Laz Muslims exists on the islands of Imbros and Tenedos.

The most important historical source for the medieval state of Trebizond (1204-1461) comes from the historical text "About the Trebizond Kings" by Michael Panaretos (1320-1390) of a Roman scholar who was born in Trebizond. The text of this precious chronology is deliberately not published on the thousands of webpages that refer to "Pontic history of the tragedy". The reason is twofold. One of the precious manuscripts of Michael Panaretos was discovered and first published in 1827 by the well-known Austrian historian J. Fallmerayer (1790-1861) entitled "Geschichte des Kaisertums von Trapezunt"; on the other hand, in the original text of Panaretos, there is not the slightest mention of the Greek people of the Land.

Michael Panaretos briefly describes a blood "confession" around the Throne of Trebizond, full of devilish intrigues, atrocities and mainly submissiveness and implications of Trebizond with Georgians, Seljuks, Turkomans, Mongols, Lazes and Genoese who were living in the region. It goes without saying that the words Pontos and Pontioi are absent.

Identifying racially with the Pontians, the Lazes are indigenous peoples of Turkey with a Caucasian origin and a peculiar language resembling Georgian. In 1923 those Lazes who followed a Christian Orthodox doctrine were forced to emigrate to Greece under the Lausanne treaty. The rest remained in Turkey.

1. The so-called Satrapy of Pontus of the Hellenistic period, was a Persian state created by the Persian dynasty of Mithridates, while the medieval falsified "Empire of Trebizond" of the Grand-Comneni was an Armenian-Georgian protectorate hostile to "Byzantium".

2. The novel term "Pontians" was historically non-existent before the 20th century. Pontians are also now (very recently) called “Ελληνοπόντιοι” - Hellenopontians.

3. In 1923 only 20% of the inhabitants of Pontus fled to Greece. This percentage corresponded to the total Christian population of the region (Vilayets Trebizond, Kerasounta and Kastamonos). The remaining 80% remained in Turkey because of their attachment to Islam.

4. The only criterion of expatriation was Christianity, attachment to the Patriarchate, and the ensuing, almost avid, philhellenism.

5. Half of the Pontus refugees were Turkish-speaking, known as Μπαφραλήδες (Bafrali), the rest of them spoke the Pontic dialect as well as the Laz language. Mixtures with the Turks were innumerable. Apart from the Seljuks who penetrated the Pontus in the 11th century, Chepnis, a Turkmen branch of the Oghuz branch (Ogouzis) who settled in the area of ​​Trebizond in the 13th century, have a strong historical presence.

6. These Pontian exiles in Greece and especially in Macedonia do not have the slightest genealogical relationship with the Ionian settlers of the Black Sea. They are population-medley of Armenians, Seljuks, Georgians and mainly Lazes, mixed with the innumerable native peoples of the area. Armenian presence was particularly strong. According to Ronald C. Jennings at the beginning of 16th c. the Armenians of Trebizond constituted 13% of the population.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazia_(Pontus)

- Lazica remained a client state of the "Byzantines" from 522 until the arrival of the Arabs in the seventh century.

- Rural areas of Trebizond Empire appear to have been predominantly Laz in ethnic composition, the Laz monopolizing its coastal shipping and even transporting Trebizontine troops in their small craft. In the tenth century the Arab geographer Abul Feda regarded Trebizond as being largely a Lazian port. Byzantine authors, such as Pachymeres, and to some extent Trapezundines such as Lazaropoulos and Bessarion, regarded the Trapezundian Empire as being no more than a Lazian border state.

- It is likely that the majority of the Empire’s armed forces was made up of native elements, comprised chiefly of Tzannoi (in fact actually Laz). These latter were probably the responsibility of the office of Grand Constable, a post actually held for much of this period by a Laz family with the surname of Tzanichites.

- Ecclesiastically, the western part of Lazistan belonged to the jurisdiction of the Metropolite of Trebizond who used the title ‘Exarchos pasis Lazicus' to describe it.


Laz people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laz_people








Summary:
- The Turkish-speaking Greeks from the inner depths of eastern Anatolia used the term LAZ to refer to (bilingual) Pontic Greek-speakers!
- Sometimes, the Greeks are called LAZ.
- Many call that language Lazika, also Romayka but never Elinika, nor Pondiaka.








Let all that marinate for a while.
 
Poslednja izmena:
Ова тема престала да буде простор за дискусију, ако је то икада и била, и претворена је у приватно стовариште једног члана форума који је у некој врсти псеудоисторијског крсташког похода на историјске чињенице.

Предлажем модераторима да је затворе.
 
Poslednja izmena:
Origin of Pontian Greeks
.......................................
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[/URL]

Let all that marinate for a while.

Ма само настави.
Мени се свиђа, нарочито фотографија плеса.

Грци и Турци су драстичан пример скорије изградње инклузивних нација, наравно на сопственим народним темељима, али са шароликим (не баш сопственим) зидовима.
Гркофони, слафофони, албанофони, кавказофони, курдофони, арапофони Турци и туркофони, влахофони, албанофони и славофони Грци су јако занимљиви.

Супротан драстичан пример ексклузивних нација су Црногорци, Бошњаци, Хрвати и Срби, који су изграђени на заједничком народном темељу.
 
Poslednja izmena:
Ова тема престала да буде простор за дискусију, ако је то икада и била, и претворена је у приватно стовариште једног члана форума који је у некој врсти псеудоисторијског крсташког похода на историјске чињенице.

Предлажем модераторима да је затворе.

Zdravo haeul, nemam protiv. Ako sam nekog uvredio istorijskim cinjenicama, izvinjavam se. Zanima me sta ti tacno smeta od navedenih podataka. Uglavnom koristim grcke knjige, publikacije i izvore (ali i sve ostalo).

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Ма само настави.
Мени се свиђа, нарочито фотографија плеса.

Грци и Турци су драстичан пример скорије изградње инклузивних нација, наравно на сопственим народним темељима, али са шароликим (не баш сопственим) зидовима.
Гркофони, слафофони, албанофони, кавказофони, курдофони, арапофони Турци и туркофони, влахофони, албанофони и славофони Грци су јако занимљиви.

Супротан драстичан пример ексклузивних нација су Црногорци, Бошњаци, Хрвати и Срби, који су изграђени на заједничком народном темељу.

So nowadays virtually all Black Sea-origin Greeks refer to themselves as Pontic/Pontian and consider the term Laz (used by other Greeks up till recently) as derogatory and insulting. There is, however, some indication that through the early 20th c. the term could be used by native Pontians without a sense of deprecation -- the term was used by WWI-era Pontic immigrants to Boston and Ohio, most of whom were Protestant converts from the Ordu region (New England-based missionaries were quite active in 19th c.; Anatolia aimed at converting eastern Christians to evangelical Protestantism). There was even an etymology that filtered down from the Hellenizing teachers to the folk and reflected the growing Hellenic affirmation: Laz, pl. Lazi, comes from the phrase "I Ellas zi," meaning "Greece (Hellas) lives," and because of their peculiar accents (now attributed to a generation of males having had their tongues cut out by the Turks) was pronounced "Lazi."

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/soc.culture.greek/qQCelmVr7zw/tx-DSl8i2PwJ

Laz, pl. Lazi, comes from the phrase "I Ellas zi," meaning Greece (Hellas) lives
 
Таман посла, колега. Чињеницама ме свакако ниси могао увредити, имавши у виду њихово потпуно одсуство, тј. политички обојену (мис)интерпретацију.

S obzirom da je moderna grcka nacija, u obliku koju poznajemo 'danas', prema mnogim istoricarima formirana u 13. veku (npr. Svoronos, Vakalopulos - koji su Grci!), to znaci da su mase slovena, jermena, gota, i ostalih naroda i plemena vec "helenizovane" tekom sredjnovekovnog razdoblja i 'formirani' su kao (nova) nacija tek u 13. veku. Pitanje je da li je ovo uopste tacna interpretacija, posto je istorijska nauka vec odavno 'pomerila' formiranje modernih nacija za mnogo vekova kasnije. Cak i da uzmemo i prihvatimo 13. vek -- taj 13. vek predstavlja prazninu od mnogo vekova.

Da li je i sledece propaganda, i politicki obojena interpretacija?

The majority of modern Greeks today traces its origin from the mixture of Albanians, Wallachians, Northern Africans and Anatolians who had infested the land of Greece back then along with Slavs and some Francs and Venetians. Unfortunately even today, most modern Greeks are oblivious to their true historic and genetic origin. They think that they are the offsprings of ancient Greeks who suddenly saw the “light” and became Christians. Quite the opposite is true; they were Christians who were made to believe that their ancestors were the ancient Greeks. (Yiannis Lazaris: “The unknown 1821 - The apostasy of romioi”, ed. “Dromon”, Athens, 2016). The same applies of course for almost every country. There is no racial purity anywhere.

Ceo clanak ovde:
http://www.freeinquiry.gr/pro.php?id=4192
 
Svaka kultura traje 1200-1500 godina nakon cega stanovnici izumiru. Ne postoji nijedan narod stariji od 1500 godina, sem Jevreja. Sjetimo se da su stari Grci nosili bijelu odjecu, tako da ovi moderni po nosnji, a ni po izgledu ne poticu od njih.

Pozdrav Thucydides.

Sto se tice modernih Jevreja, evo par linkova/preporuka.

The Ashkenazic Jews: A Slavo-Turkic People In Search Of A Jewish Identity, Paul Wexler
https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListings/linguistics/The_Ashkenazic_Jews

The major non-Jewish contributors to the ethnogenesis of the Ashkenazic Jews were Slavs, though there was probably also a minor Turkic strain -- both in the Caspian-Black Sea area (the descendants of the Khazars, a mainly Turkic group that converted to Judaism in the eighth century) and in the Balkans and Hungary. In all of these areas, the Turkic population early became submerged with the coterritorial Slavs.


The Non-Jewish Origins of the Sephardic Jews, Paul Wexler
http://www.sunypress.edu/p-2279-the-non-jewish-origins-of-the-s.aspx

The author uses linguistic, ethnographic, and historical evidence to support his theory that the origins of Sephardic Jews are predominantly Berber and Arab.

"This is a fascinating book based upon a wealth of diverse sources not usually brought together by scholars of Sephardic history. It is based upon the premise that Jewish languages such as Judeo-Arabic, Ladino, and Yiddish offer invaluable clues to ethnic origins.


Paul Wexler is Professor of Linguistics at Tel-Aviv University.

The Invention of the Jewish People, Shlomo Sand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People

Sand argues that it is likely that the ancestry of most contemporary Jews stems mainly from outside the Land of Israel and that a "nation-race" of Jews with a common origin never existed, and that just as most Christians and Muslims are the progeny of converted people, not of the first Christians and Muslims, Jews are also descended from converts. According to Sand, Judaism was originally, like its two cousins, a proselytising religion, and mass conversions to Judaism occurred among the Khazars in the Caucasus, Berber tribes in North Africa, and in the Himyarite Kingdom of the Arabian Peninsula.


Pozdrav!
 
Znaci, i mi treba polako da se spremamo za osnivanje novog naroda. Evroljani izumiru kompletno, sto znaci da su prestarili.

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Svi Jevreji koji se bave trgovinom, bankarstvom, zemljoradnjom su ne-arapsko-beduinsko-berberskog porijekla. To je jednostavno kulturna genetika.

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Pozdrav Thucydides.

Sto se tice modernih Jevreja, evo par linkova/preporuka.

The Ashkenazic Jews: A Slavo-Turkic People In Search Of A Jewish Identity, Paul Wexler
https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListings/linguistics/The_Ashkenazic_Jews

The major non-Jewish contributors to the ethnogenesis of the Ashkenazic Jews were Slavs, though there was probably also a minor Turkic strain -- both in the Caspian-Black Sea area (the descendants of the Khazars, a mainly Turkic group that converted to Judaism in the eighth century) and in the Balkans and Hungary. In all of these areas, the Turkic population early became submerged with the coterritorial Slavs.


The Non-Jewish Origins of the Sephardic Jews, Paul Wexler
http://www.sunypress.edu/p-2279-the-non-jewish-origins-of-the-s.aspx

The author uses linguistic, ethnographic, and historical evidence to support his theory that the origins of Sephardic Jews are predominantly Berber and Arab.

"This is a fascinating book based upon a wealth of diverse sources not usually brought together by scholars of Sephardic history. It is based upon the premise that Jewish languages such as Judeo-Arabic, Ladino, and Yiddish offer invaluable clues to ethnic origins.


Paul Wexler is Professor of Linguistics at Tel-Aviv University.

The Invention of the Jewish People, Shlomo Sand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People

Sand argues that it is likely that the ancestry of most contemporary Jews stems mainly from outside the Land of Israel and that a "nation-race" of Jews with a common origin never existed, and that just as most Christians and Muslims are the progeny of converted people, not of the first Christians and Muslims, Jews are also descended from converts. According to Sand, Judaism was originally, like its two cousins, a proselytising religion, and mass conversions to Judaism occurred among the Khazars in the Caucasus, Berber tribes in North Africa, and in the Himyarite Kingdom of the Arabian Peninsula.


Pozdrav!

Ja sam koristio djela Karl Friedrich Vollgraff-a, posebno njegovu Etnognozu i Antropognozu, te Polignozu.
 
Ako bi htio covjek da se vine u do sad neistrazene visine, trebao bi da prevede Ernst von Lasaulx-a, jednu jedinu knjigu:
Neuer Versuch einer alten auf die Wahrheit der Thatsachen gegründeten Philosophie der Geschichte
https://archive.org/details/neuerversuchein01lasagoog

http://bornposthumously.wordpress.com

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Znaci, kad jedan narod propada, on gubi slova u jeziku, kao sto starac moze da izgovori sve manje slova, tako su i Grci bili spali sa preko 40 slova na 20. Odiseju su izgovarali Odiea, slicno danasnjim Anglosaksoncima.
 
Ako bi htio covjek da se vine u do sad neistrazene visine, trebao bi da prevede Ernst von Lasaulx-a, jednu jedinu knjigu:
Neuer Versuch einer alten auf die Wahrheit der Thatsachen gegründeten Philosophie der Geschichte
https://archive.org/details/neuerversuchein01lasagoog

http://bornposthumously.wordpress.com

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Znaci, kad jedan narod propada, on gubi slova u jeziku, kao sto starac moze da izgovori sve manje slova, tako su i Grci bili spali sa preko 40 slova na 20. Odiseju su izgovarali Odiea, slicno danasnjim Anglosaksoncima.

Hvala!

Komentar sto se tice Monemvasije - tacnije sledeceg:

The only city which has survived the ancient Greek collapse and inhabits the offspring of ancient continental Greece is Monemvasia.

We are told that Monemvasia was a town established by the Hellenes fleeing before the Slavs who invaded the Peloponnese and Greece. We are further told that this same town resisted many invaders over the course of history, and more importantly, that the Hellenic element lived on in this small town - not mixing with anyone else - and that the predominant ethnic group in this town were the Hellenes themselves. At times, I have heard various arguments how there were no other ethnic groups present in the town.

It appears, though, that there may have been many Albanians residing in the town itself - from the 15th century, if not earlier. The Albanians of Morea caused much carnage and destruction, and one of the towns they entered and raided was apparently Monemvasia. As to the Fortress, the city of Monemvasia, Andre Castellan described the upper city in 1797 as a large heap of ruins. Let's see all of the following, in great detail.


















One wonders who were really the inhabitants of Monemvasia and nearby areas??
 
Poslednja izmena:
Η ΜΕΣΑΙΩΝΙΚΗ ΕΡΗΜΩΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΝΗΣΙΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΓΑΙΟΥ

URL:
http://www.freeinquiry.gr/pro.php?id=2889

In this article, focusing on the situation prevailing in the islands of the Aegean in the Middle Ages, listed unknown and rare testimonies of numerous travelers, which in the timespan of hundreds of years describe many islands as uninhabited, completely deserted.

Large scourges were wars, frequent deadly epidemics and piracy, due to which thousands of residents of the islands dragged as slaves in the bazaars of the East. Population gaps replenished from time to time various groups of people from other places, such as North Africa, the East and in many cases, as we shall see, poor Albanians.

The article is based on excerpts translated from the works of the English historian and archaeologist Frederick William Hasluck (1878-1920): «Depopulation in the Aegean Islands and the Turkish Conquest» (The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 17, 1910 / 1911, pp. 151-181) and «Albanian Settlements in the Aegean islands» (The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 15, 1908/1909, pp. 223-228).

The table below (which I translated from Greek) is a summary of research on desolation and the repopulation of the islands in the period before the Cretan War (and, apparently this is historical data only for a period from roughly 14th century to 17th century. What happened in late antiquity? What happened in the all the centuries preceding the 14th c.?).



Conclusion from the article:

"… in three similar periods of unrest in the Aegean region there are significant population movements: During the Cretan War (1645-1669), during the Orloff revolt (1770-1774) and the period of '21 (1821-1830).

Yet, until now we thought that the population of the islands has never changed since ancient times and that even the dialects are directly related to ancient dialects.

But historical data can’t be denied that although the islanders boast that they are purebred descendants of the ancient Greeks (though in ancient times the intermarriage was not something unknown), the island populations have undergone significant racial changes even a few centuries ago."
 
Poslednja izmena:
The traditional Vlach men's outfit from Metsovo (Aminciu) and surrounding villages





The famous Greek-Macedonian Fighter Uniform (Pavlos Melas)





Pavlos Melas, offspring of vlachophone family from Vlaho-Pogdoriani, Epirus [--> Page 590, of the book ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΟΒΛΑΧΟΙ (ΑΡΜΑΝΟΙ) (ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ)]
 

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