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Diviser pour régner provient du latin « Divide et impera ». La phrase correspondante en grec ancien est « Διαίρει καὶ βασίλευε » (Diaírei kaì basíleve).
* En politique et en sociologie, diviser pour régner est une stratégie gagnante visant à réduire des concentrations de pouvoir en éléments qui, pris individuellement, ont moins de puissance que celui qui implémente la stratégie.
* Diviser pour régner, en informatique méthode de conception d'algorithme réduisant récursivement un problème en deux ou plus sous-problèmes du même type (ou de la même classe de problème).
The maxims divide et impera or divide ut regnes are traditionally identified with the principle of government of the Old French Republic. This attribution is not entirely reliable, insofar as the Roman ruler, Caesar, also used this tactic in earlier times. It is, however, borne out by the example of Gabinius parting the Jewish nation into five conventions, reported by Flavius Josephus in Book I, 169-170 of The Wars of the Jews (De bello Judaico) [1]. Likewise, Strabo reports in Geography, 8.7.3 [2], that the Achaean League was gradually dissolved under the Roman possession of the whole of Greece, owing to them not dealing with the several states in the same way, but wishing to preserve some and to destroy others.
In modern times, Traiano Boccalini cites "Divide et impera" in La bilancia politica, 1,136 and 2,225 as a common principle in politics. The use of this technique is meant to empower the sovereign to control subjects, populations, or factions of different interests, who collectively might be able to oppose his rule. Machiavelli identifies a similar application to military strategy, advising in Book VI of The Art of War [3] (Dell'arte della guerra [4]), that a Captain should endeavor with every art to divide the forces of the enemy, either by making him suspicious of his men in whom he trusted, or by giving him cause that he has to separate his forces, and, because of this, become weaker.
