Khal Drogo
Elita
- Poruka
- 17.461
То што генетичка тестирања данашње популације покажу да су неки народи хомогенији од других говори само да су ти народи дуже времене битисали више изоловани од других и мање је долазило до мијешања, што код Арбанаса, уважавајући и чињеницу о чему бјеше подоста постова на теми, да су у рупописима из XIII-XIV вијека остала свједочења да у комуникацији постоји велико неразумијевање са околним народима који зборе словенским језицима, грчким и латинским, итекако има основа, они јесу бивали подоста изоловани барем у неким временским периодима.
Па ни ту нису исти резултати (овдје) код генетичких тестирања Арбанаса у Албанији, у Сјеверној Македонији или пак Косову
The three haplogroups most strongly associated with Albanian people are E-V13, R1b and J-M172. E-V13 and J2-M12 (the parent clade of J-M172) are considered by Cruciani et al to both indicate a particular "range expansion in the Bronze Age of southeastern Europe", having experienced considerable in situ population growth after having been introduced in an earlier period with the spread of the Neolithic into Europe. R1b, meanwhile, has been associated with the spread of Indo-European languages in Europe. Within the Balkans, all three have a local peak in Kosovo, and are overall more common among Albanians, Greeks and Vlachs than South Slavs (albeit with some representation among Macedonians and Bulgarians). R1b has much higher frequencies in areas of Europe further to the West, while E1b1b and J2 are widespread at lower frequencies throughout Europe, and also have very large frequencies among Greeks, Italians, Macedonians and Bulgarians.
Haplogroups in the modern Albanian population is dominated by E-V13, the most common European sub-clade of E1b1b1a (E-M78). E-M78 most likely originated in northeastern Africa, while its subclade E-V13 originated in western Asia, and first expanded into Europe some 5300 years ago. The current distribution of this lineage might be the result of several demographic expansions from the Balkans, such as that associated with the Balkan Bronze Age, and more recently, during the Roman era with the so-called "rise of Illyrian soldiery". The peak of the haplogroup in Kosovo, however, has been attributed to genetic drift.
Haplogroup R1b is common all over Europe but especially common on the western Atlantic coast of Europe, and is also found in the Middle East, the Caucasus and some parts of Africa. In Europe including the Balkans, it tends to be less common in Slavic speaking areas, where R1a is often more common. It shows similar frequencies among Albanians and Greeks at around 20% of the male population, but is much less common elsewhere in the Balkans.
Y haplogroup J in the modern Balkans is mainly represented by the sub-clade J2b (also known as J-M12 or J-M102). Like E-V13, J2b is spread throughout Europe with a seeming centre and origin in the Balkans. Its relatives within the J2 clade are also found in high frequencies elsewhere in Southern Europe, especially Greece and Italy, where it is more diverse. J2b itself is fairly rare outside of ethnic Albanian territory (where it hovers around 14-16%), but can also be found at significant frequencies among Romanians (8.9%) and Greeks (8.7%). A skeleton dated 1631-1521BC found in a tumulus in Veliki Vanik, Croatia was tested positive for J2b2a-L283.
Y haplogroup I is represented by I1 more common in northern Europe and I2 where several of its sub-clades are found in significant amounts in the South Slavic population. The specific I sub-clade which has attracted most discussion in Balkan studies currently referred to as I2a1b, defined by SNP M423 This clade has higher frequencies to the north of the Albanophone area, in Dalmatia and Bosnia. The expansion of I2a-Din took place during Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages and today is common in Slavic speaking peoples.
Haplogroup R1a is common in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in Slavic nations, (and is also common in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent). In the Balkans, it is strongly associated with Slavic areas.
A study by Battaglia et al. in 2008 found the following haplogroup distributions among Albanians in Albania itself:
The same study by Battaglia et al. (2008) also found the following distributions among Albanians in North Macedonia:
The same study by Battaglia et al. (2008) also found the following distributions among Albanians in Albania itself and Albanians in North Macedonia:
A study by Peričić et al. in 2005. found the following Y-Dna haplogroup frequencies in Albanians from Kosovo with E-V13 subclade of haplogroup E1b1b representing 43.85% of the total (note that Albanians from other regions have slightly lower percentages of E-V13, but similar J2b and R1b):
The same study by Peričić et al. in 2005[149] found the following Y-Dna haplogroup frequencies in Albanians from Kosovo with E-V13 subclade of haplogroup E1b1b representing 43.85% of the total (note that Albanians from other regions have slightly lower percentages of E-V13, but similar J2b and R1b):
Haplogroups in the modern Albanian population is dominated by E-V13, the most common European sub-clade of E1b1b1a (E-M78). E-M78 most likely originated in northeastern Africa, while its subclade E-V13 originated in western Asia, and first expanded into Europe some 5300 years ago. The current distribution of this lineage might be the result of several demographic expansions from the Balkans, such as that associated with the Balkan Bronze Age, and more recently, during the Roman era with the so-called "rise of Illyrian soldiery". The peak of the haplogroup in Kosovo, however, has been attributed to genetic drift.
Haplogroup R1b is common all over Europe but especially common on the western Atlantic coast of Europe, and is also found in the Middle East, the Caucasus and some parts of Africa. In Europe including the Balkans, it tends to be less common in Slavic speaking areas, where R1a is often more common. It shows similar frequencies among Albanians and Greeks at around 20% of the male population, but is much less common elsewhere in the Balkans.
Y haplogroup J in the modern Balkans is mainly represented by the sub-clade J2b (also known as J-M12 or J-M102). Like E-V13, J2b is spread throughout Europe with a seeming centre and origin in the Balkans. Its relatives within the J2 clade are also found in high frequencies elsewhere in Southern Europe, especially Greece and Italy, where it is more diverse. J2b itself is fairly rare outside of ethnic Albanian territory (where it hovers around 14-16%), but can also be found at significant frequencies among Romanians (8.9%) and Greeks (8.7%). A skeleton dated 1631-1521BC found in a tumulus in Veliki Vanik, Croatia was tested positive for J2b2a-L283.
Y haplogroup I is represented by I1 more common in northern Europe and I2 where several of its sub-clades are found in significant amounts in the South Slavic population. The specific I sub-clade which has attracted most discussion in Balkan studies currently referred to as I2a1b, defined by SNP M423 This clade has higher frequencies to the north of the Albanophone area, in Dalmatia and Bosnia. The expansion of I2a-Din took place during Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages and today is common in Slavic speaking peoples.
Haplogroup R1a is common in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in Slavic nations, (and is also common in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent). In the Balkans, it is strongly associated with Slavic areas.
A study by Battaglia et al. in 2008 found the following haplogroup distributions among Albanians in Albania itself:
N | E-M78* E1b1b1a* | E-M78 V13 E1b1b1a2 | G P15* G2a* | I-M253* I1* | I M423 I2a1* | I M223 I2b1 | J M267* J1* | J M67* J2a1b* | J M92 J2a1b1 | J M241 J2b2 | R M17* R1a1* | R M269 R1b1b2 |
| 55 | 1.8% (1/55) | 23.6% (13/55) | 1.8% (1/55) | 3.6% (2/55) | 14.5% (8/55) | 3.6% (2/55) | 3.6% (2/55) | 3.6% (2/55) | 1.8% (1/55) | 14.5% (8/55) | 9.1% (5/55) | 18.2% (10/55) |
N | E-M78* E1b1b1a* | E-M78 V13 E1b1b1a2 | E-M123 E1b1b1c | G P15* G2a* | I M253* I1* | I P37.2* I2a* | I M423 I2a1* | I M26 I2a2 | J M267* J1* | J M67* J2a1b* | J M241 J2b2 | R M17* R1a1* | R M269 R1b1b2 |
| 64 | 1.6% (1/64) | 34.4% (22/64) | 3.1% (2/64) | 1.6% (1/64) | 4.7% (3/64) | 1.6% (1/64) | 9.4% (6/64) | 1.6% (1/64) | 6.3% (4/64) | 1.6% (1/64) | 14.1% (9/64) | 1.6% (1/64) | 18.8% (12/64) |
N | E-M78* E1b1b1a* | E-M78 V13 E1b1b1a2 | E-M123 E1b1b1c | G P15* G2a* | I M253* I1* | I P37.2* I2a* | I M423 I2a1* | I M26 I2a2 | I M223 I2b1 | J M267* J1* | J M67* J2a1b* | J M92 J2a1b1 | J M241 J2b2 | R M17* R1a1* | R M269 R1b1b2 |
| 55+ 64= 119 | 1.68% (2/119) | 29.4% (35/119) | 1.68% (2/119) | 1.68% (2/119) | 4.2% (5/119) | 0.84% (1/119) | 11.76% (14/119) | 0.84% (1/119) | 1.68% (2/119) | 5.04% (6/119) | 2.52% (3/119) | 0.84% (1/119) | 14.3% (17/119) | 5.04% (6/119) | 18.5% (22/119) |
N | E-M78* E3b1 | E-M78* α* E3b1-α | E-M81* E3b2 | E-M123* E3b3 | J-M241* J2e1 | I-M253* I1a | I-P37* I1b*(xM26) | R-M173* R1b | R SRY-1532* R1a | R P*(xQ,R1) |
| 114 | 1.75% (2/114) | 43.85% (50/114) | 0.90% (1/114) | 0.90% (1/114) | 16.70% (19/114) | 5.25% (6/114) | 2.70% (3/114) | 21.10% (24/114) | 4.40% (5/114) | 1.75% (2/114) |
N | E3b1-M78 | R1b-M173 | J2e-M102 | R1a-M17 | I1b* (xM26)-P37 | I-M253* I1a |
| 114 | 45.60% (52/114) | 21.10% (24/114) | 16.70% (19/114) | 4.40% (5/114) | 2.70% (3/114) | 5.25% (6/114) |
Да би то могли, потребно је имати резултата генетичких тестирања већег броја (па и код данашње популације то је премали узорак) узорака сачуваних скелета, из разних временских периода, од прије три, два ипо, два или пак једног и по миленијума, ово што данас имамо је премало, често немамо ништа, непокривени су на неким просторима огромни временски интервали. Тек кад добијемо те резултата генетских тестирања скелета, и то већегх броја, из свих тих неких времена, а то ћемо добити, у то апсолутно вјерујем и то ће бити изванредно вриједна откричћа, имаћемо бољу слику етнографских кретања кроз историју и моћи ћемо рећи да је неки народ палео-балкансог поријекла или да је насељавање ишло из неког правца.
За сада се морамо (више) ослонити на сачуване рукописе и археолошке налазе, генетичка истраживања ће, барем што се тиче историје, тек у будућности бити од веће користи.
Poslednja izmena:
Sve je to kod njega apsolutno podređeno nekakvom privatnom ratu protiv mene, a na koji ga je nahuškao Mrkalj (koji je i ključna odgovorna ličnost za ovu hajku celu).