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Icewind Dale
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For the Forgotten Realms region, see the Sword Coast article
Icewind Dale

Developer(s) Black Isle Studios
Publisher(s) Interplay Entertainment
Engine Infinity Engine
Release date(s) June 20, 2000[1]
Genre(s) Computer role-playing game
Mode(s) Single player, Multiplayer
Rating(s) ESRB: T (Teen)
USK: 12+
Platform(s) Microsoft Windows, Macintosh
Media 2 CD-ROMs
Input Keyboard, mouse
Icewind Dale is a computer role-playing game developed for Windows by Black Isle Studios and published by Interplay Entertainment. Released on June 20, 2000,[1] it takes place in the Dungeons & Dragons Forgotten Realms campaign setting, and is based on the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition ruleset.

The player begins the game by creating an adventuring party, which becomes enlisted as a caravan guard in the wake of strange events. As the story progresses, the player learns of a demonic feud that threatens the Ten Towns of Icewind Dale.

Icewind Dale was released to positive reviews,[2] with critics praising the game's musical score and gameplay,[3] the latter being compared to Diablo.[4] The game received negative criticism for its similarities to previous Infinity Engine games.[5][6] An expansion to the game, Icewind Dale: Heart of Winter, was released in 2001. A free expansion called Trials of the Luremaster was also released by the publishers, though it requires the Heart of Winter expansion pack to play.

The PC game only loosely follows the events of the Icewind Dale Trilogy novels, whose characters such as Drizzt, Bruenor, and others make no appearance in the game.

Contents [hide]
1 Gameplay
2 Plot
3 Audio
4 Development
5 Reception
6 See also
7 Notes
8 External links



[edit] Gameplay
Icewind Dale's gameplay incorporates a modified version of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition ruleset. The rules' intricacies are automatically computed; the game keeps track of statistics and controls die rolling.[7]

The player begins the game by creating an adventuring party of up to six characters.[3] During character creation, statistics including name, gender, race, class, ability scores and weapon proficiencies may be altered. Magic users and thieves possess additional statistics, in the form of spells and thief abilities, respectively.[7]

After a character has earned sufficient experience points through completing quests and defeating enemies, the player is given the option of leveling up that character. The player may alter several statistics when leveling up a character, while others are automatically upgraded.[7] Certain character classes require less experience than others to achieve a new level. An experience point limit of 1,801,000 is in place for all characters, meaning that certain classes are able to reach higher levels than others.[7]

The player may order characters to engage in movement, dialogue and combat. Combat occurs in real-time, replacing the originally turn-based system.[7] The player may pause the game at any time, during which orders may be given to characters, who will carry them out when the game is resumed.[7] Gameplay is focused mainly on combat, often against large groups of enemies.[3]


[edit] Plot
The game begins in the town of Easthaven, where the player's party of adventurers is resting at a tavern. The town's leader, Hrothgar (voiced by Jim Cummings), invites the player's party to take part in an expedition to the town of Kuldahar, which has recently sent word of strange happenings.[8] On the road to Kuldahar, the group is ambushed by frost giants, who cause an avalanche. Save for the player's party, the entire expedition force is crushed, and the way back to Easthaven is blocked.[9]

The party continues onward to Kuldahar, where they meet Arundel (Jim Cummings), the village's Archdruid. The druid explains that a mysterious evil force has been causing abnormal weather patterns and monster behavior, and kidnapping villagers.[10] As a result of these disturbances, the magical warmth surrounding the giant tree, under which the town is built, has begun to recede.[11] Arundel sends the party to discover the source of the evil before the tree dies, and Kuldahar is destroyed. Following Arundel's advice, the party first goes to the "Vale of Shadows", an area containing Kuldahar's crypts, due to rumors of undead creatures being seen there. However, Kresselack (Tony Jay), a cursed barbarian spirit residing in the Vale of Shadows, informs the player that the threat to Kuldahar is not present in the area.[12] The party returns to Arundel, who asks them to retrieve an ancient scrying item called the Heartstone Gem, so that he may discover the source of the evil more quickly.[13]

The player's party travels to a temple that Arundel believes houses the gem, but finds that it had been attacked recently, and the gem stolen.[14] Arundel discovers that the attackers' lair lies within the caverns of Dragon's Eye, and the party travels there to retrieve the gem. After making their way through a network of tunnels, the party finds a powerful demonic creature named Yxunomei (Tara Strong). Yxunomei claims to be using the Heartstone Gem for personal reasons, and mentions a vendetta and age-old war with someone she sarcastically referred to as an "old friend." After slaying Yxunomei and retrieving the Heartstone Gem, the player returns to Kuldahar, and find it under attack. The player converses with a shapeshifter disguised as Arundel, who reveals that he was the one Yxunomei had mentioned, and that the real Arundel is dying in another section of the hut. After the shapeshifter vanishes, the player locates the real Arundel, who tells the party to take the Heartstone Gem to Larrel (Michael Bell) at the fortress of the Severed Hand, as he is now the only one capable of using it.

The party arrives at the fortress, discovering that Larrel had gone insane. Larrel brokenly mentions something about freeing his cursed people, along with a hint on how to go about it. After completing his task, Larrel regains his sanity and uses the Heartstone Gem to discover the source of the evil, which apparently resides in the dwarven city of Dorn's Deep.

After carving their way through Upper Dorn's Deep, Wyrm's Tooth, and Lower Dorn's Deep, the party at last reaches Brother Poquelin (John Kassir) – the villain of the game. Poquelin explains that he arrived in the material plane due to his superiors exiling him from his home plane – according to Poquelin, calling his vendetta with Yxunomei "out of control." Poquelin had predicted that Yxunomei would follow him to the material plane, so he had sought a base of operations in order to begin a military force capable of crushing her. While he was doing so, he stumbled upon the ancient artifact Crenshinibon, which he claims had been "calling" to him. Using its power of attracting evil-intentioned creatures, Poquelin began amassing an immense army with which to conquer the lands of Icewind Dale. He claims that everything was going as planned until Hrothgar's expedition had set out to investigate Yxunomei's activities in the area around Kuldahar. He used his frost giant minions to cause the avalanche to crush the expedition. Apparently, he did not see the player's party as a threat until they stole the Heartstone Gem from Yxunomei, to which he responded by killing Arundel – the only person he thought would be capable of using it. Although the party discovered his location by taking it to Larrel, Poquelin wasn't bothered, as all the while he was amassing his forces outside of Easthaven. After combating Poquelin, he teleports the party back to Easthaven, which is now in ruins. After freeing the surviving villagers and speaking with a local cleric of Tempus, the party makes its way to Poquelin's lair – Easthaven's temple, which has been enveloped by a Cryshal-Tirith (Elvish, meaning "crystal tower"), courtesy of Crenshinibon.

In the end, it is revealed that Poquelin's true intention was to re-open Jerrod's Stone (a portal to the Nine Hells of Baator created long ago), so that he could conquer the North with an army of devils at his command. Although after opening the portal, the local cleric of Tempus, Everard, hurls himself into it just as its namesake did – sealing it off at the cost of his own life. This buys the party enough time to fight Poquelin, who has reverted to his true form – the devil Belhifet. After defeating Belhifet and banishing him back to the Nine Hells, the Chryshal-Tirith collapses, and the party barely escapes in time. Easthaven begins to be rebuilt, and the game ends with the party victorious.

In a surprise twist ending, the game's Narrator (David Ogden Stiers) and Belhifet are revealed to be one and the same; the devil implies that his mandatory century of imprisonment (after his defeat at the hands of the Player's party) is close to an end and that he will soon walk the Prime Material Plane once more....


[edit] Audio
Icewind Dale's score was composed by Jeremy Soule, and received widespread critical acclaim.[15][16][17]

This short section requires expansion.


[edit] Development
Icewind Dale is based on the BioWare Infinity Engine, featuring pre-rendered backgrounds and sprite-based characters displayed with an isometric camera perspective. This engine was used to power Black Isle Studios' previous games, Planescape: Torment, Baldur's Gate, and others.

This short section requires expansion.


[edit] Reception
Icewind Dale was critically well received, scoring an 86% on Game Rankings.[2]

This short section requires expansion.


[edit] See also
Icewind Dale Trilogy
Icewind Dale II
 
As Butterflies Die, So Goes a Way of Life
Logging in Mexico puts wildlife, livelihoods at risk

by Stephen Kiehl
EL ROSARIO, Mexico - The dead butterflies came up to his ankles, an ocean of orange and black that spread as far as he could see.

On a mountaintop in central Mexico, Bill Toone stepped lightly. He had helped save the California condor. He had protected species around the world. But he was not prepared for this. The piles of monarch butterflies - estimates would put the figure at 250 million dead - were so thick that they were composting at the bottom.

The butterflies in the El Rosario sanctuary froze to death that winter of 2002, victims of a cold brought on not only by the vagaries of weather but also, Toone says, by illegal logging that is systematically destroying their habitat.

The forest acts like a blanket, protecting the butterflies from extremes in temperature. Without it, they freeze.

But the forest, like the butterflies, is disappearing. More than a thousand acres were cut in the butterfly sanctuary last year, and in the last decade the number of monarchs migrating to Mexico declined from 900 million to 340 million, according to scientists and the World Wildlife Fund.

The butterfly is a harbinger of larger human troubles facing rural communities spread across the mountains of central Mexico: extreme poverty, a scarcity of water, a lack of jobs. The loss of the forest, and the monarchs, could also mean the end for these communities. The forest traps moisture and releases it into canals built along the mountainsides. The communities use the water for cooking, washing, drinking and irrigating crops.

There is no other source of water. As deforestation has accelerated, communities have seen their water supply cut by half or more. Canals that once gushed now trickle.

“
The stakes, Guzman says, are high: “If we finish the forest, we finish the water.”

He is a strong, compact man with the build of the jockey he once was. For years, he trained and rode horses at Mexican racetracks. He even cut trees once, from 1975 to 1985. The pay was good - sometimes up to $20 a day - and it helped him support his wife and nine children. But eventually he realized that short-term profit would mean long-term disaster.

“I thought to myself: My children, how will they eat? How will they live?” says Guzman, 50.

Other communities are following Donacio Ejido’s lead. They have planted thousands of trees. Several have begun patrols of their own, and at night the patrols from each community greet each other with a shotgun blast. Partly because of this vigilance, the acres of trees lost to logging fell to 603 for the last 12-month period.

Toone has also helped, using his San Diego-based EcoLife Foundation, to organize the communities to protest en masse and distribute efficient stoves that require less wood than traditional ones. Some communities at first distrusted outsiders, and some of the 200 stoves that were distributed were vandalized.

But now, Toone says, communities welcome the help.

“Every time a forest is cut to completion or a monarch butterfly colony disappears,” he says, “it’s a job that ends and it means that fathers will leave their families and children to make money somewhere else.”

To protect the trees that remain, the patrols are essential. Guzman goes up the mountain every few weeks, to make up for five of his sons who are working in the U.S. He takes their shifts to keep them in good standing in the community.

The patrols begin with a three-hour horseback ride up the 11,000-foot mountain. At the top, the new group meets the departing patrol group, trades information and sets up camp. The men find a clearing, toss blankets on the ground and set a fire for lunch using fallen branches. They travel light: food, water, blankets, guns. No alcohol is allowed.

Monarch butterflies flutter around the men as they continue through the forest. Guzman, who grew up here and helped build the canals down the mountain, knows the land better than anyone. He points out orange flowers that smell like tobacco and make delicious tea, and red flowers with a fluid in the stalk that tastes like honey. He plucks them as he walks.

A hike of several hours turns up nothing suspect. In some places, the forest is so dense that Guzman and the others must crawl on their knees to pass under thick canopies of vegetation. In others, where there has been recent cutting, the trees are only as high as the men’s shoulders, as vulnerable as children.

At night, the men gather around a campfire, warming tortillas on the embers and looking at the planes crossing overhead in the clear sky. The highest ones, they say, are going the farthest - to Washington, to New York, to San Francisco, cities that are only words to them.

Fragile beautyLincoln Brower remembers the first time he came upon a monarch colony in Mexico. It was 1977, and Brower had been studying the butterfly for two decades. When he learned that millions of them clustered together each winter in these mountains, he went to see for himself.

In 1974, an American businessman in Mexico read about butterflies sighted in the nearby mountains and passed word along to National Geographic magazine, which sent a reporter. The story ran in August 1976, and scientists finally learned where the monarchs spend the winter.

“You just couldn’t believe it,” Brower says, describing the thick clouds of butterflies he encountered on his first trip. When the sun warmed them during the day, they would alight from the trees, the cumulative sound of their beating wings creating an audible buzz. “It was just the most incredible, amazing thing I had ever seen.”

But to get to that colony, he had to drive up a logging road. And even then, 30 years ago, he could see that the forest was disappearing. Brower, now 75 and a professor at Sweet Briar College in Virginia, had been fascinated by the monarch’s migratory pattern.

A complete migration - from southern Canada and the northern United States to the central Mexico sanctuary and back - takes three or four generations of butterflies. One of these is a “super-generation” that lives seven months - five times longer than the other generations - and travels 2,800 miles on the strength of its five-inch wingspan.

“There’s nothing like it anywhere in the world,” Brower says. “Unlike birds, the monarch is going back to the same exact spot, as if there’s some kind of computer program in their brain.”

But that amazing ability to return to the same place each year may also doom the butterflies because those places have fewer and fewer trees. “And then,” Brower says, “they freeze.”

He lobbied the Mexican government to protect the butterflies, and in 1986 a presidential decree created the butterfly reserve, an area about the size of Chicago. In 2000, Brower helped revise the plan to protect the reserve. But he said enforcement has been lax.

“I frankly think the Mexican government has proven themselves over 30 years of not being able to protect these butterflies,” he says. “They have had 30 years to get their act together, and they just haven’t.”

The country’s forestry police is stretched thin and susceptible to bribes, say local officials. The locations of checkpoints to stop logging trucks are widely known and easily evaded. The army is busy fighting the drug cartels.

The butterflies suffered two massive die-offs in recent years - one in 2002 where 250 million died and another two years later, when over 100 million died. All of them froze to death.

Brower said a perfect storm of events - a poor migration year in the U.S., followed by a cold winter in Mexico and then dry weather for the migration back north - could wipe out the monarchs entirely.

‘There is no forest’A lifetime in conservation has taken Bill Toone from Antarctica to Paraguay to Papua New Guinea. He helped develop and run the San Diego Zoo’s California condor recovery program, collecting eggs in the field and raising condors in captivity.

And ultimately, he realized that his work had to be about more than protecting animals and resources. “Conservation is about nothing,” he says, “if it’s not about people in the end.”

The monarch butterfly is the perfect illustration of that belief. Its fight for survival is also the fight of the small communities clustered on the mountains.

Not all of them are winning. In Escovales, a few mountaintops away from Guzman’s community, the swarms of butterflies that once came each winter are gone. Loggers took thousands of trees from this community in the past 15 years, without paying or asking permission.

“There is no forest,” says Alejandro Salgado Flores, 48, “and there are no butterflies.”

Salgado, who has lived in the community most of his life, says the butterflies were considered gifts from the spirits, and good luck. But they have vanished, and the water is going, too. Escovales is about halfway up the side of a mountain. Its water supply is dictated by the communities higher up. They take what they want, and when they cut trees, that means there is even less water to go around.
 
Rijeci,razbacana slova na listu zivota
Tuga u grlu jer glas se ne cuje
O,kako je tuzno biti covijek
Gledam u nebo
Plavetnilo bez kraja
kapljice kise oznacavaju put
kojim krocim
Opet krosnje pjevaju baladu o sreci
Prolaze ikone,prolaze heroji
nekad je tako tesko biti covijek
Zatvoriti se u kokuljicu crnine
i isplakati dusu jer tvoja konzerva
je slomljena,srusena i odbacena
Vjetrovi duvaju kroz kanale
Noseci sve ljudsko oko nas
ostaju samo kosti pokraj puta
O,kako ljepa slika
Ravno iz pakla
Ravno iz pakla...
28.07.2007.


za Iris!Bebe I love you






Shot at 2007-07-28



Shot at 2007-07-28





Shot at 2007-07-28


Spuzva Bob Skockani


Evo slobodno popodne posvecujen mom najdrazem blogichu,sta ces mora se,kad sam vec bacila jutro na muskarca koji nije bija vridan toga...
Bila sinoc u zivotu,upecala ribu i nadah se ja napokon krenilo,kad sta nula bodova,sipak opeta,ali eto hajde bit ce bolje,nada umire zadnja.
Jos uvik radin,isti jebeni,dosadni posao koji mi oduzima previse vremena,al eto dok se ima para ima i volje za nesto.
Razmisljala sam danas o necemu dok sam s smjeskom primila vjest da nisam ona koja taj gospodin seljo meljo zeli,****** dogada se,neman vrimena za depresiju.
Mini je u Finskoj,jos uvik,bebe vrati se pliz....kupila san balon spuzva bob skockani,onaj napunjen helijon,jeeeeeee obozavan te gluposti,****** dite sam bila dite san ostala.
Trenutno san u nekoj fazi kad mi sve odgovara ali u stvari sam totalno mrtva-hladna na sve stvari,ali ipak zelim svoj zivot natrag,jos je sad kolegica dala otkaz tako da cu se vjerovatno ubijat od posla.
jedva cekan kad ce hladno pivo,26.07-Hangar Vodice,u skolupu Rock Rivijere,vec su svirali ovaj cetvrtak let3 ali ****** radila san,a i nisu mi toliko napeti,slusala sam ih kad su bili U tesle.Mislim bila san vec na Hladnom pivo,ali ipak to je druga stvar,Mile je Mile!


Sve je tu kao nekada
nocas vrijeme je stalo za nas
pricaj mi makar lazi sve
znas da vjerujem kada tako gledas me
priznaj mi,da li i sad sanjas ti snove sto smo skupa sanjali
Znam da kasno je,znam da trazim previse
nakon svega sto smo prosli mi
priznaj mi
sve je tu
samo ti i ja
dodir tijela tvog
okus pobjeda
tvoju usne nude proslost nakon lutanja
tvoje oci bude nemir koji dobro znam
priznaj mi,da li i sad sanjas ti snove sto smo skupa sanjali
Znam da kasno je,znam da trazim previse
nakon svega sto smo prosli mi
priznaj mi
da me smiris kada stignu vjetrovi
kad mi more dusu zapjeni
priznaj mi


za kraj jedna lipa pisma,za jednu lipu osobu koja plovi kroz moj zivot najljepse sto moze...
pusa beba
Uskoro ce martinska,joj kako jedva cekam,ako me onaj debil od sefa ne pusti,bez iti malo razmisljanja dajem otkaz,pa se pederu coravi misli ko ce ti radit.
Opet sam na dijeti,za koji dan cu ostat bez gaca kako mi padaju,a ****** sta ces,nije problem,sto mrsavija sama sam sebi lipsa,nije da imam kopmlekse ili nesto tome slicno,dapace danas sam skontala da san previse egocentricna,i tako mi je bolje jer u mom svijetu ja sam sunce i sve se vrtio oko mene,tako me neke stvari nece zaboliti,dok prije nekoliko godina bi me rusile,a tada san kao bila bolja osoba nekon ljudima i jaca.
Nadan se da cu vise jebeno dobit dozvolu,ocu uzet auto i probit zvucni zid,znam nemoguce je ali snovi su besplatni i zato ih volimo.
Ako dobijem tjedan dana godisnjeg ili bolje receno kad dadem otkad u onoj sauni,idem valjda tjedan dana u Bjelovar,Jurica-Curica me pozvao,ispravak netocnog navoda ako se varam...
Ako ne tamo Zagreb je uvijek tu,on je prevelik da se mice negdje uvijek mi je pri ruci kad mi treba bjezanje pod asvalt i meditiranje na Tomislavcu...
A ovo je kao treba bit kratak post,jbg nisan dugo pisala,moran se negdi ispuhati.
Svaki drugi dan malo se izade vani,ono kao da mi ****** vidi puta,jer ipak mi je lito i sve to skupa i **** me malo kad se sitin da svi locu,dimu a ja se kuham u onoj kenjari,ali opet nije lose,neman skolu kasnije pa cu onda uzivat u plodovima svoga rada.
Nista valjda bi ovo bilo to
 
Distorzija misli u centru glave
Čučim u uglu i buljim u akvarijum
Moj pas glasno duva u trubu
U magnovenju

Nameštam usta za "A"
Izgovaram "U"
Patuljci me zovu zaboravljenim imenom
U magnovenju

Uzalud tražim pogodan citat
Psiholog brani doktorat na temu
Uzalud tražim pogodan citat
U magnovenju

A dole na ulici neonske reklame
Radio reklamira "Some bizzare shop"
©esnaest udaraca velikog bubnja
Radimo non-stop

Uzalud tražim pogodan citat..

Tražim razlog da se utopim u masu
Duša mi lebdi dok razmišljam o svemu
Moj pas glasno duva u trubu
U magnovenju..
 
Amerika


Od Aljaske do Meksika
prostire se drzava
van vremena i prostora
i misli da je najveca
Polja sume i livade
gradovi i planine
to su nase slavne
Sjedinjene Drzave

Amerika Amerika
bogata i ponosna
Amerika Amerika
gomila klovnova
Amerika Amerika
ja sam sretan sto sam tu
Amerika Amerika

Hvala vam za sve
sto ste ucinili
to vam nikad
ne cemo zaboraviti
Hvala vam za sve
sto ste nam uradili
to vam u zivotu
ne cemo oprostiti

Amerika Amerika
bogata i ponosna
Amerika Amerika
gomila klovnova
Amerika Amerika
ja sam sretan sto sam tu
Amerika Amerika

Ne treba nam vasa
masturbacija
Ne treba nam vasa
mlada generacija
Ne treba nam vasa
prostitucija
Ne treba nam vasa
administracija

Amerika Amerika
bogata i ponosna
Amerika Amerika
gomila klovnova
Amerika Amerika
ja sam sretan sto sam tu
Amerika Amerika
 
Stupid Britney Spears Quotes:


Really Stupid Britney Spears Quotes:
Britney Spears has created a rage with her blockbuster music albums year after year. She is probably the most sought after celebrity on the Internet. Britney Spears quotes are very popular with her fans. Here are some exclusive collections of Britney Spears quotes. Read stupid Britney Spears quotes and other quotes from Britney Spears to know more about this popular youth icon.

Britney About Herself: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I don't like defining myself. I just am.

Britney About Her Fame: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I'm famous, but I'm not famous like freaking Brad Pitt or Jennifer Aniston.

Britney About Herself: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
Sometimes I feel older than my mum.

Britney About Sex: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I want to wait to have sex until I'm married.

Britney About Her Quirks: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I always listen to 'NSYNC's Tearin' Up My Heart. It reminds me to wear a bra.

Britney About Her Looks: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I wish my hair was thicker, and I wish my feet were prettier. My toes are really ugly. I wish my ears were smaller. And my nose could be smaller too.

Britney About Marriage: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
Marry Prince William? I'd love that. Who wouldn't want to be a princess?

Britney About Her Wealth: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I'm rich, freakin' rich. It's crazy.

Britney About Her Childhood: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I performed at Mom and Dad's party when I was four. Oh my gosh, I was singing a Madonna song and I peed myself.

Britney About Her Body: Stupid Britney Spears Quotes
I did not have implants, I just had a growth spurt.
 
SVINJOGOJSTVO

KLIMATIZACIJA SVINJOGOJILIŠTA i
DVONAMJENSKE HRANILICE

S gotovo 1,6 milijuna tovljenih svinja Hrvatska još ni izbliza ne podmiruje svoje potrebe i meso se uvozi. A zbog sadašnjih potencijala, ponajprije zbog bogatstva stočnom hranom, a i tovnih kapaciteta, Hrvatska bi mogla postati čak i izvoznica, no samo ukoliko se modernizira proizvodnja i poveča prirast. Povećanje prirasta, može se očekivati samo ukoliko se ulaže u opremanje svinjogojilišta, u čemu naša proizvodnja uvelike zaostaje za europskom tehnologijom i opremanjem svinjogojilišta.

Kod opremanja svinjogojilišta bitna je i klimatizacija objekata i primjena najsuvremenijih hranilica. Tako primjerice, ventilacijski sustavi nizozemske tvrtke Fancon predstavljeni su u Hrvatskoj još prošle godine poljoprivrednim tvrtkama, a i iznijeti su rezultati višegodišnjeg istraživanja u primjeni klimatizacijske opreme na vlastitim farmama Fancona na kojima se godišnje tovi sedam milijuna svinja, što je pola nizozemske proizvodnje.

Falcon razvija opremu za hlađenje i zagrijavanja objekata, kako bi se postigli optimalni uvjeti za što racionalniji tov svinja, a koja je od sada dostupna i preko hrvatskih predstavnika.

Dosadašnja su istraživanja pokazala kako je najisplativija automatska klimatizacija koja u svakom trenutku osigurava dovoljnu temperaturu za uzgoj krmača, prasadi i tovljenika.

Zna se da svinje pri nižim temperaturama troše više hrane kako bi se umastile i prirodno zaštitile od hladnoće, a slično je i ljeti kada se pak bore protiv visokih temperatura.

Svi izračuni pokazuju, uspoređujući ulaganja u klimatizaciju i postignut prirast, da se ulaganja u nabavu opreme brzo vrate.



Od predstavnika tvrtke "Verbakel" predstavljene su pak koristi koju farmerima donose dvonamjenske hranilice.
Praksa je pokazala da svinje bolje jedu ako im je uz hranilicu i voda, jer tada prosipaju mnogo manje hrane, što pak pridonosi većem prirastu.
Izračunali smo da se samo po jednom stokilatom tovljeniku uštedi i do 30 posto hrane.

Sabirući sve to računica je pokazala da se višestruko isplati ulaganje u takve hranilice, čak u jednom turnusu.

Preporučeno je korišteje kombinirane hranilice s dva boksa hrane i vodom između njih. Najracionalnija je jedna takva hranilica za petnaestak tovljenika. Inače, takve hranilice već upotrebljavaju napredni hrvatski uzgajivači u kod kojih su već stručnjaci sa zagrebačkog Agronomskog fakulteta istraživali učinke. (Međimurju je praćen tov 40 svinja, i to hranjenjem iz automatskih i kombiniranih hranilica.)

Istraživanja su pokazala da su kod korištenja kombiniranih hranilica tovljenici pojeli 8,5 posto više hrane, a time i 12 posto povisili prirast. Manje je i razbacivanje hrane te je čak 36 posto smanjena potrošnja vode.
Na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja ustanovljeno je da se posve isplati nabava takvih hranilica i već samo u jednom turnusu sa 15 tovljenika.

Ukoliko seljaci ne opreme tovne i uzgojne objekte, u skladu sa europskim tehnološkim standardima, koji postaju i hrvatskim tehnološkim standardima, bez toga nema ni rentabilne ekonomsko isplative i kvalitetne proizvodnje, a proizvodnja na zastarjelim tehnološkim rješenjima, ili čak, što nije rijedak slučaj, bez ikakvih tehnoloških rješenja ne može biti tržišno konkurentna i isplativa.
 
TRIHINELOZA
Kada se govori o trihinelozi u literaturi se najčešće kao uzročnik označava Trichinella spiralis, međutim i neke druge vrste trihinela mogu izazvati oboljenje. Najtočnija definicija bila bi da je trihineloza bolest ljudi i životinja uzrokovana parazitima koji pripadaju klasi nematoda (Nematodes), potklasi afazmidija (Aphasmidia), redu trihineloida (Trichinellloidea), familiji trihinela (Trichinellae). Prema tome, uzročnik trihineloze nije uniforman parazit, već obuhvaća veći broj vrsta i podvrsta.

Iako se u znanstvenim krugovima još uvek vode diskusije o klasifikaciji različitih izolata trihinela, kao i njihovoj nomenklaturi, najšire je prihvaćena podjela prema Pozio-u (1992) na osam dobro diferenciranih genotipskih varijanti, pri čemu se pet smatraju posebnim vrstama (T. spiralis, T. pseudospiralis, T. britovi, T. nativa i T. nelsoni), a tri podvrstama u okviru ovih vrsta (izolati iz Tanzanije i Kenije; izolati iz Pensilvanije i Montane). U našim krajevima dominantna je T. spiralis.

Trihinela je mali valjkasti crv. Mužjak je manji od ženke i dužina mu se kreće između 1,4 i 1,6 mm, a širina mu iznosi oko 0,04 mm. Ženka je dužine 3-4 mm i širine oko 0,06 mm. Organe za parenje mužjaka čine dva para izraštaja položenih bočno od kloake. Između ovih izraštaja nalaze se dva para papila. Unutrašnjost mužjaka je skoro sasvim ispunjena cijevasto građenim testisom. Vulva ženke se nalazi u visini jednjaka u prvoj petini tijela. Ženka je viviparna (rađa žive mladunce - larve). Ženka ima dugu matericu koja ispunjava tjelesnu šupljinu. Zadnji dio materice sadrži jajašca u raznim stadijumuma razvoja, dok se u prednjem dijelu nalaze slobodne larve. Razvoj od jajeta do slobodne larve traje tri dana.




Kada čovjek ili životinja pojedu meso u kome se nalaze učahurene (inkapsulirane) larve trihinele, one se pod uticajem sokova digestivnog trakta oslobađaju svojih čahura i brzo rastu. U crijevima sazrijevaju u spolno zrele mužjake i ženke i tamo se hrane tkivnim sokom, koristeći kisik iz tkiva. Nekoliko dana nakon infekcije dolazi do parenja muških i ženskih trihinela. U početku je broj muških i ženskih trihinela jednak, dok se kasnije broj mužjaka smanjuje. Prema nekim podacima, mužjaci ugibaju već nakon 6-7 dana od oplođavanja ženki, a prema drugim, 10 do 14 dana nakon infekcije u crijevu mogu se naći isključivo ženke, koje mogu živjeti 5-6, pa čak i do 12 tjedana. Oplođene ženke se zabadaju duboko u sluzokožu tankog crijeva i tamo, u podsluzokoži, izbacuju larvice valjkastog oblika, duge 0,08-0,12 mm, a široke 0,005-0,006 mm. Ženke počinju izbacivati larvice najranije 4-7 dana nakon infekcije. Reproduktivni period trihinele traje 2-3 mjeseca, tijekom koga jedna ženka može izbaciti i do 15000 larvi. Kada ženke završe sa izbacivanjem larvi, one ugibaju.

Larvice se iz crijevnog zida šire po cijelom organizmu na tri načina: preko portalnog krvotoka, putem limfe i direktnom migracijom kroz vezivno tkivo i tjelesne tekučine. Kada putem krvi dođu u krvne kapilare koji se nalaze u mišićima, larvice probijaju zid kapilara i dolaze u vezivno tkivo mišića, migrirajući sve dalje dok ne dođu do mišićnog vlakna. Ove larvice, tzv. putujuće trihinele, nisu još dovoljno zrele da bi mogle izazvati infekciju u organizmu drugog domaćina.

Putujuća trihinela probija ovojnicu (sarkolemu) mišićnog vlakna, ulazi u samo mišićno vlakno, gdje nastavlja svoj rast i razvoj. Pri tome, ona, svojim prisustvom, kao i toksičnim produktima svoga metabolizma izaziva degeneraciju mišićnog vlakna, zbog čega vlakno gubi poprečnu prugavost, što je jedna od karakterističnih promjena. Poslije 15-20 dana mišićna trihinela dostiže dužinu od oko 0,8-1 mm i širinu oko 0,03 mm. Sarkolema se širi, a trihinela se u vlaknu savija u obliku spirale, osmice, slova S ili na neki drugi način.

Krajem prvog i tijekom drugog mjeseca oko trihinele počinje se stvarati kapsula, koja je krajem trećeg meseca potpuno oformljena. U jednoj kapsuli se obično nalazi jedna, a ponekad dvije ili tri trihinele.

Kapsula je oblika limuna, dužine oko 0,5 mm i širine oko 0,25 mm. U početku je prozirna, ali kod dobro utovljenih svinja za 6-8 tjedana poslije infekcije dolazi do nagomilavanja masnih ćelija na polovima kapsule. Posle 5-6 mjeseci počinje zakrečavanje kapsule, a završava se nakon 16-18 mjeseci. Ako te tvari nisu prodrle u tjelo trihinele ona može ostati živa i do 40 godina.

Trihinela se razvija u poprečno prugastim mišićima koji su najaktivniji tijekom života životinje i koji su dobro opskrbljeni kisikom. To su, prije svega, mišićni dio dijafragme, jezik, žvakaći mišići, međurebarni mišići, mišići grla, vrata, oka itd.

Dijagnoza se postavlja na osnovi karakterističnih kliničkih simptoma bolesti (povišena temperatura, bolovi u mišićima, edem vjeđa) te na osnovi podataka o konzumiranju potencijalno zaraženog mesa. Ako je zaraženo meso dostupno, može se i trihineloskopski pregledati. U krvnoj slici bolesnika imamo karakteristične promjene (povišene vrijednosti leukocita, s povećanim brojem eozinofila u diferencijalnoj krvnoj slici, te povišenje vrijednosti mišićnih enzima). Za potvrdu bolesti mogu se koristiti i serološki testovi, koji postaju pozitivni tek tijekom trećeg tjedna bolesti, a mogu ostati pozitivni nekoliko godina.

U oboljela čovjeka ličinke se mogu dokazati u toku tkivne faze u invadiranom mišiću. Kirurškim se zahvatom uzima uzorak mišića bicepsa koji se zatim pretražuje ili trihineloskopski ili pomoću digestije. Od imunobioloških testova primjenjuju se serološke reakcije flokulacije, vezanja komplementa, precipitacije u agar-geldifuziji i slične antigenom pripravljenim ekstrakcijom iz ličinki trihinele. U novije se vrijeme sve više koriste serološki testovi s obilježenim protutijelima (test imunofluorescencije i imunoenzimski test), a u dijagnostici može biti korisno i izvođenje kožnoga alergijskog testa alergenom koji je također pripravljen od ličinki.
 
Insekti napadaju useve


Kikinda - Najezda leptira, odnosno larvi sovica, moljaca i kukuruznog plamenca nanosi velike štete kukuruzu, ali i suncokretu i povrću u kikindskom ataru. Zbog šteta od mraza i suše, kao i ovih štetočina na predlog odbornika RV i seljaka Dimitrija Pandurova, SO Kikinda je donela odluku da se proglasi stanje elementarne nepogode. Na predlog predsednika IO SO Pavla Borovca (DS) zemljoradnici su oslobođeni plaćanja svih opštinskih taksi na godinu dana.
Pandurov je, takođe, oštro kritikovao izjavu republičkog ministra poljoprivrede Stojana Jevtića da suša nije poprimila razmere elementarne nepogode jer šteta nije dostigla razmere 10 posto od nacionalnog bruto dohotka.
- U severnom Banatu suša i mraz uništili su 70 odsto roda prolećnih i jarih kultura, a zbog presejavanja šećerna repa će podbaciti i do 60 odsto. Najezda sovica, moljaca i plamenca još više će naneti štete poljoprivrednicima - istakao je Pandurov. S. Jakonić
 
LAK ZA NOKTE POVEZAN
S DEFEKTNIM BEBAMA

trucnjaci iz EWG-a upozoravaju zene koje namjeravaju radati da se klone lakiranja noktiju s kemikalijama za koje se dokazalo da uzrokuju defektan porod kod labaratorijskih zivotinja

U izvjestaju Radne grupe za okolis (EWG) napisano je ime sporne kemikalije, radi se o dibutil ftalatu ili DBP-u. Spojevi se cesto koriste u kozmetickoj industriji, posebno za izradu lakova za nokte, a sto je najzalosnije na etiketi se najcesce niti ne navode kao sastavni dio proizvoda.

Znanstvenike je uzbunilo saznanje da se kod potomstva laboratorijskih zivotinja koje su primale dibutil razvilo vise deformacija nego kod drugih mladunaca. A kod mladuncadi su posebno deformirani muski spolni organi.

Prije par mjeseci, iz americkog Centra za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti, stigli su i rezultati dobiveni testiranjem 289 ljudi u dobi izmedu 20 do 60 godina. Razlicite vrste ftalata bile su prisutne u metabolizmu svih testiranih, s tim da su zene prije klimakterija bile najvise kontaminirane.

Jane Houlihan, analiticar pri EWG-u, kaze da su zene u dobi od 15 do 45 godina dosle u kontakt s kemikalijom putem kozmetike, posebno laka za nokte.

- Mislimo da zene koje namjeravaju radati moraju izbjegavati izlaganje dibutil ftalatima posebno prije samog zaceca, za vrijeme trudnoce i dojenja - izjavila je Houlihan.

S druge strane, glasnogovornik americkog udruzenja kozmeticke industrije tvrdi da su lakovi i drugi kozmeticki proizvodi sasvim sigurni.

Iz EWG-a odgovaraju da su im podaci zastarjeli jer su zadnji testovi provedeni davne 1953. Nadalje, tvrde da su od 1970. slucajevi deformacije muskih spolnih organa u porastu, pa zahtjevaju sprovodenje novih detaljnijih testova i obavezno navodenje dibutil ftalata pri etiketiranju nekog proizvoda.

Nezavisno istrazivanje iz Puerto Rica povezalo je prerani pubertet i visoku razinu fhalata.
 
Ako zelite znati nesto o "mokrom porodjaju"
razmotrite neke njegove dobre strane
PORODITE SE U VODI

orodjaj u kadi omogucuje trudnici da zauzme razne polozaje, da se opusti, a kad ste opusteni i beba lakse izadje van. Tijekom tipicnog poroda u kadi, majka sjedi u vodi zagrijanoj izmedju 32 i 38 Celzijusovih stupnjeva, sto joj pomaze pri opustanju tijela i ublazavanju bolova, kako tvrde u Waterbirth International, udruzenju za promoviranje porodjaja u vodi.

Odusevljene majke, a i sve veci broj lijecnika i babica kazu da toplina i vodena sila potiska smanjuju potrebu za lijekovima, slucajeve carskog reza i druge komplikacije. Uz to, voda omogucuje da dijete koje je devet mjeseci provelo u toploj plodovoj vodi na svijet dodje u poznatom okruzenju.

Zena moze ulaziti i izlaziti iz kade, zavisno od duzine trudova te se moze odluciti na prelazak na suho tlo bolnickog kreveta tek nesto prije samog poroda. Porodi li se ipak u kadi, bebu ce prihvatiti majka, otac ili bolnicko osoblje i odvesti je na povrsinu, gdje ce obaviti prvi udisaj.

Neke majke se boje da postoji opasnost od davljenja, no lijecnici kazu da je takav strah nepotreban jer je dijete jos uvijek pupcanom vrpcom povezano s majkom.

- Nemoguce je da beba udahne u vodi. Mehanizam disanja pocinje raditi tek nakon doticaja sa zrakom - kaze Barbara Harper, medicinska sestra i osnivac Waterbirth International.

Ipak i ona priznaje da porod u kadi nije za svakoga. Zene koje ocekuju dvojke ili trojke nisu najbolji kandidati. A postoje li znakovi infekcije ili komplikacija koje zahtijevaju brzu akciju poput carskog reza, treba izaci iz kade.

Ukoliko razmisljate o porodu u vodi moramo vas upozoriti da unatoc tome sto je u mnogim evropskim zemljama ovo vec utaban put dolaska na svijet jos nema ni naznake da se uvede u hrvatska rodilista
 
Quote:
LAMA kaže:
Ljude bih sto se gluposti tice prije podijelila na neobrazovane i one koji ne razmisljaju pa ispadnu glupi. Kao vise iz vlastitog nemara. Imam primjer gdje me frendica 50 puta vozi doma i nikad ne zna kam treba ici. Ja na to ludim. Od jedne druge je bilo bisera tipa: Kaj muski igraju odbojku!

A ono sve obrazovani ljudi. Ja bih to nazvala "glupi za zivot" !

I agree!!!!!
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Kako oblikovati potpise?



hahaha... zabavnije je postovati neke skroz random stvari nego caskati o britney
 
Alex 777:
Sad cu malo da te kuliram... provociraj nekog drugog... obrisi mleko sa kljuna, pa mrsh na spavanje...
Kliknite za proširenje...


to ti svako vece kaze keva kad je smoris?
nije ni cudo sto te kulira... lol retarde.... ali ja verujem u tebe... pobedices taj kompleks...
dokle god imas vere... vere u bolje sutra....
8)
boy,I'm good.... 8)
 
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