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Sanskrit
- Začetnik teme kondor2
- Datum pokretanja
Rayela
Legenda
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Moja se komshika ( Nemica) preziva Kaluscha 
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Satja-juga je zlatno doba, najbolje od sva 4 doba. Pcele prave saće, pcelinje zlato (najveca vredost) je saće. Srpska rec saće (vredno, zlatno).
vṛ
vṛ = cover (срб. вар, варити, варун, варух, врх)
vṛ = choose (срб. вера, верити; варати?, вртети? )
vṛ = cover (срб. вар, варити, варун, варух, врх)
vṛ = choose (срб. вера, верити; варати?, вртети? )
Tvaṣṭṛ
In the historical Vedic religion, Tvaṣṭṛ (Sanskrit: त्वष्टृ) is the artisan god or fashioner. The Purusha Sukta refers to the Purusha as Tvastr, who is the visible form of creativity emerged from the navel of the invisible Vishvakarma. In the Yajurveda, Purusha Sukta and the tenth mandala of the Rigveda, his character and attributes are merged with the concept of Hiranyagharbha/Prajapathy or Brahma. The term, also transliterated as ...Tvaṣṭr, nominative Tvaṣṭā, is the heavenly builder, the maker of divine implements, especially Indra's Vajra and the guardian of Soma. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned 65 times in the Ṛgveda
and is the former of the bodies of men and animals,' and invoked when desiring offspring, called garbha-pati or the lord of the womb.
Tvaṣṭṛ = Tva + ṣṭṛ = ТИ + ṣṭṛ
Ти који СТРојиш
Ти који ШТРојиш
Ти СТаРи
Покривају ли СТР и ШТР опис:
- artisan god or
- fashioner,
- creativity emerged from the navel of the invisible Vishvakarma,
- heavenly builder
?
Белешка :
ps1: штуро, стрићи, штркљаво
ps2: garbha = womb
ps3: pati = lord
In the historical Vedic religion, Tvaṣṭṛ (Sanskrit: त्वष्टृ) is the artisan god or fashioner. The Purusha Sukta refers to the Purusha as Tvastr, who is the visible form of creativity emerged from the navel of the invisible Vishvakarma. In the Yajurveda, Purusha Sukta and the tenth mandala of the Rigveda, his character and attributes are merged with the concept of Hiranyagharbha/Prajapathy or Brahma. The term, also transliterated as ...Tvaṣṭr, nominative Tvaṣṭā, is the heavenly builder, the maker of divine implements, especially Indra's Vajra and the guardian of Soma. Tvaṣṭṛ is mentioned 65 times in the Ṛgveda
and is the former of the bodies of men and animals,' and invoked when desiring offspring, called garbha-pati or the lord of the womb.
Tvaṣṭṛ = Tva + ṣṭṛ = ТИ + ṣṭṛ
Ти који СТРојиш
Ти који ШТРојиш
Ти СТаРи
Покривају ли СТР и ШТР опис:
- artisan god or
- fashioner,
- creativity emerged from the navel of the invisible Vishvakarma,
- heavenly builder
?
Белешка :
ps1: штуро, стрићи, штркљаво
ps2: garbha = womb
ps3: pati = lord
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srpski- sanskrt, neke od srodnih reci.
Фонетика
А. Сви гласови у српском језику деле се у три групе:
Вокали (звучни, самогласници су тонови, нелокализовани, ваздушна струја при њиховом изговору не наилази на препреку):
а, е, и, о, у
Сонанти (звучни, гласници су мешавина шумова и тонова):
в, ј, л, љ, м, н, њ, р
Консонанти (сугласници су шумови, при њиховом изговору ваздушна струја наилази на препреку) су сви остали гласови.
Звучни консонанти:
б, г, д, ђ, ж, з, џ
Безвучни консонанти:
п, к, т, ћ, ш, с, ч,
ф, х, ц
Б. Подела сугласника по месту творбе
1) лабијални (уснени): двоуснени б, п, м, уснено-зубни в, ф
2) дентални (зубни): д, т, з, с, ц
3) палатални (предњонепчани): ј, љ, њ, ђ, ћ, џ, ч, ж, ш
4) алвеоларни (надзубни): р, л, н
5) веларни (задњонепчани): к, г, х
В. Подела сугласника по начину творбе
1) експлозивни (праскави): б, п, д, т, г, к
2) фрикативни (струјни): з, с, ж, ш, ф, х
3) африкате (сливени): ђ, ћ, џ, ч, ц
4) назали (носни): м, н, њ
5) латерали: л, љ
6) вибрант: р
7) полувокали: в, ј
А. Сви гласови у српском језику деле се у три групе:
Вокали (звучни, самогласници су тонови, нелокализовани, ваздушна струја при њиховом изговору не наилази на препреку):
а, е, и, о, у
Сонанти (звучни, гласници су мешавина шумова и тонова):
в, ј, л, љ, м, н, њ, р
Консонанти (сугласници су шумови, при њиховом изговору ваздушна струја наилази на препреку) су сви остали гласови.
Звучни консонанти:
б, г, д, ђ, ж, з, џ
Безвучни консонанти:
п, к, т, ћ, ш, с, ч,
ф, х, ц
Б. Подела сугласника по месту творбе
1) лабијални (уснени): двоуснени б, п, м, уснено-зубни в, ф
2) дентални (зубни): д, т, з, с, ц
3) палатални (предњонепчани): ј, љ, њ, ђ, ћ, џ, ч, ж, ш
4) алвеоларни (надзубни): р, л, н
5) веларни (задњонепчани): к, г, х
В. Подела сугласника по начину творбе
1) експлозивни (праскави): б, п, д, т, г, к
2) фрикативни (струјни): з, с, ж, ш, ф, х
3) африкате (сливени): ђ, ћ, џ, ч, ц
4) назали (носни): м, н, њ
5) латерали: л, љ
6) вибрант: р
7) полувокали: в, ј
Phonetics
А. Vowels are sounds that are produced by letting air flow cleanly through the mouth, with air stream having no stops or breaks of any kind.
Short Vowels (are pronounced as short as possible)
Sanskrit has five "fundamental" vowels that form the basis for the other vowel sounds.
a ~ јат
i ~ бити
u ~ уво
ṛ ~ Срб
ḷ ~ слза
Long Vowels (are pronounced for exactly twice as long as the short vowels)
ā ~ ам
ī ~ бит
ū ~ ући
ṝ ~ прдеж
ḹ ~ благоглагољати
Compound Vowels (are pronounced for exactly twice as long as the short vowels)
Compound vowels are all combinations of two simple vowels. The main difference between simple vowels and compound vowels is that compound vowels have more strength. To make a vowel stronger, we add an "a" sound to the front of the vowel.
Б. Vowels appear at one of three strengths:
weak/simple/noncompound (i, ī, u, ū, ṛ, ṝ)
The weak vowels are the simple vowels.
medium (*ai = e, *au = o, *ar)
By adding an "a" sound to the front of the weak vowels, we get medium vowels.
e and o are simplified versions of the old *ai and *au.
strong (*āi, *āu, *ār)
By strengthening the "a" sound in a medium vowel, we get strong vowels.
В. Semivowels
The consonants in this group are halfway between vowels and consonants.
Like the vowels, the semivowels are voiced and unaspirated.
Also, they are produced by continuous air flow out of the mouth.
However, we produce these sounds by suppressing the flow of air at the point of pronunciation.
ya ~ јао
ra ~ руј
la ~ леле
va ~ вит
Each of the semivowels has a different point of pronunciation:
ya uses the hard palate
ra is a retroflex consonant, and
la uses the teeth
va mainly uses the lips, but it also requires the use of the teeth
Г. The "s"-sounds
The consonants in this group are all varieties of the hissing sound that you hear in words like "Sanskrit" and "sherpa."
For simplicity's sake, let's just call these the "s"-sounds. Just like the semivowels, the "s"-sounds in this group are produced by suppressing the flow of air at the point of pronunciation.
But, these sounds are not like the semivowels, as you can hear below.
śa ~ śекира
ṣa ~ шум
sa ~ семе
The "s"-sounds are unvoiced. Each has a different point of pronunciation:
śa uses the hard palate,
ṣa is a retroflex consonant, and
sa uses the teeth.
One reader has offered a helpful way to make the English "sh" sound more like the Sanskrit śa and ṣa.
To better approximate
"śa", try saying a word like "petshop." Make sure to leave your tongue in the "t" position as you say the "sh" that follows. "ṣa", trying saying a word like "friction" or "hershey." Make sure to leave your tongue in the "r" position as you say the "sh" that follows.
Д. HA
This sound is a voiced "h" sound, and it is very easy to produce.
If you breathe out and make your breath voiced, you'll hear something like "haaa."
That "h" is the same as ha.
ha is the same breathy sound that you hear after the voiced aspirated consonants (gha, jha, ḍha, dha, and bha).
Ђ. Consonants
Consonants, meanwhile, are sounds that are produced by interrupting the flow of air through the mouth.
We can interrupt the air flow in one of three ways:
- stopping it entirely
- redirecting it (through the nose)
- suppressing it, without stopping it entirely
The spot where the air flow is stopped is the point of pronunciation. There are five points of pronunciation in Sanskrit.
The list starts at the back of the mouth and moves to the front.
The soft palate. The soft palate is the fleshy region at the very back of the mouth
ka kha ga gha ṅa
The hard palate. The hard palate is the bony region at the top of the mouth
ca cha ja jha ña
The area behind the hard bump on the roof of the mouth. This bump sits behind the teeth
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
The base of the teeth
ta tha da dha na
The lips
pa pha ba bha ma
Е. Examples of sounds' approximation in serbian language (see note 1 regarding m,n,nj)
1. ka kha ga gha ṅa
ka ~ трк, лук
kha ~ ку, ко
ga ~ трг, луг
gha ~ гу, га
ṅa ~ гњурати
2. ca cha ja jha ña
ca ~ ћуп
cha ~ чеп
ja ~ ђак
jha ~ џак
ña ~ дан
3. ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
The retroflex consonants do not exist in Greek, Latin, Avestan, Old Persian, Hittite, or the other old Indo-European languages. Their absence in these languages is significant. Because of their absence, most linguists say that Sanskrit
could not have been the ancestor of all other Indo-European languages, as a few linguists have proposed. Retroflex consonants, however, exist in languages like Tamil and Kannada, the so-called Dravidian languages. Linguists tend to believe that Sanskrit borrowed the retroflex consonants from those languages.
Still,
ṇa = ~ њихати
4. ta tha da dha na
ta ~ ат, кут
tha ~ ту, то
da ~ суд
dha ~ дол, длан
na ~ син, зен
5. pa pha ba bha ma
pa ~ срп
pha ~ пој
ba ~ Срб
bha ~ бој
ma ~ ма
Ж. Note 1:
it seems that one might sense following distinction in serbian language
1) labijalni (usneni): ma ~ ma
2) dentalni (zubni): na ~ sin, zen
3) palatalni (prednjonepčani*): ṇa ~ njihati
4) alveolarni (nadzubni*): ña ~ den
5) velarni (zadnjonepčani): ṅa ~ gnjurati
А. Vowels are sounds that are produced by letting air flow cleanly through the mouth, with air stream having no stops or breaks of any kind.
Short Vowels (are pronounced as short as possible)
Sanskrit has five "fundamental" vowels that form the basis for the other vowel sounds.
a ~ јат
i ~ бити
u ~ уво
ṛ ~ Срб
ḷ ~ слза
Long Vowels (are pronounced for exactly twice as long as the short vowels)
ā ~ ам
ī ~ бит
ū ~ ући
ṝ ~ прдеж
ḹ ~ благоглагољати
Compound Vowels (are pronounced for exactly twice as long as the short vowels)
Compound vowels are all combinations of two simple vowels. The main difference between simple vowels and compound vowels is that compound vowels have more strength. To make a vowel stronger, we add an "a" sound to the front of the vowel.
Б. Vowels appear at one of three strengths:
weak/simple/noncompound (i, ī, u, ū, ṛ, ṝ)
The weak vowels are the simple vowels.
medium (*ai = e, *au = o, *ar)
By adding an "a" sound to the front of the weak vowels, we get medium vowels.
e and o are simplified versions of the old *ai and *au.
strong (*āi, *āu, *ār)
By strengthening the "a" sound in a medium vowel, we get strong vowels.
В. Semivowels
The consonants in this group are halfway between vowels and consonants.
Like the vowels, the semivowels are voiced and unaspirated.
Also, they are produced by continuous air flow out of the mouth.
However, we produce these sounds by suppressing the flow of air at the point of pronunciation.
ya ~ јао
ra ~ руј
la ~ леле
va ~ вит
Each of the semivowels has a different point of pronunciation:
ya uses the hard palate
ra is a retroflex consonant, and
la uses the teeth
va mainly uses the lips, but it also requires the use of the teeth
Г. The "s"-sounds
The consonants in this group are all varieties of the hissing sound that you hear in words like "Sanskrit" and "sherpa."
For simplicity's sake, let's just call these the "s"-sounds. Just like the semivowels, the "s"-sounds in this group are produced by suppressing the flow of air at the point of pronunciation.
But, these sounds are not like the semivowels, as you can hear below.
śa ~ śекира
ṣa ~ шум
sa ~ семе
The "s"-sounds are unvoiced. Each has a different point of pronunciation:
śa uses the hard palate,
ṣa is a retroflex consonant, and
sa uses the teeth.
One reader has offered a helpful way to make the English "sh" sound more like the Sanskrit śa and ṣa.
To better approximate
"śa", try saying a word like "petshop." Make sure to leave your tongue in the "t" position as you say the "sh" that follows. "ṣa", trying saying a word like "friction" or "hershey." Make sure to leave your tongue in the "r" position as you say the "sh" that follows.
Д. HA
This sound is a voiced "h" sound, and it is very easy to produce.
If you breathe out and make your breath voiced, you'll hear something like "haaa."
That "h" is the same as ha.
ha is the same breathy sound that you hear after the voiced aspirated consonants (gha, jha, ḍha, dha, and bha).
Ђ. Consonants
Consonants, meanwhile, are sounds that are produced by interrupting the flow of air through the mouth.
We can interrupt the air flow in one of three ways:
- stopping it entirely
- redirecting it (through the nose)
- suppressing it, without stopping it entirely
The spot where the air flow is stopped is the point of pronunciation. There are five points of pronunciation in Sanskrit.
The list starts at the back of the mouth and moves to the front.
The soft palate. The soft palate is the fleshy region at the very back of the mouth
ka kha ga gha ṅa
The hard palate. The hard palate is the bony region at the top of the mouth
ca cha ja jha ña
The area behind the hard bump on the roof of the mouth. This bump sits behind the teeth
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
The base of the teeth
ta tha da dha na
The lips
pa pha ba bha ma
Е. Examples of sounds' approximation in serbian language (see note 1 regarding m,n,nj)
1. ka kha ga gha ṅa
ka ~ трк, лук
kha ~ ку, ко
ga ~ трг, луг
gha ~ гу, га
ṅa ~ гњурати
2. ca cha ja jha ña
ca ~ ћуп
cha ~ чеп
ja ~ ђак
jha ~ џак
ña ~ дан
3. ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
The retroflex consonants do not exist in Greek, Latin, Avestan, Old Persian, Hittite, or the other old Indo-European languages. Their absence in these languages is significant. Because of their absence, most linguists say that Sanskrit
could not have been the ancestor of all other Indo-European languages, as a few linguists have proposed. Retroflex consonants, however, exist in languages like Tamil and Kannada, the so-called Dravidian languages. Linguists tend to believe that Sanskrit borrowed the retroflex consonants from those languages.
Still,
ṇa = ~ њихати
4. ta tha da dha na
ta ~ ат, кут
tha ~ ту, то
da ~ суд
dha ~ дол, длан
na ~ син, зен
5. pa pha ba bha ma
pa ~ срп
pha ~ пој
ba ~ Срб
bha ~ бој
ma ~ ма
Ж. Note 1:
it seems that one might sense following distinction in serbian language
1) labijalni (usneni): ma ~ ma
2) dentalni (zubni): na ~ sin, zen
3) palatalni (prednjonepčani*): ṇa ~ njihati
4) alveolarni (nadzubni*): ña ~ den
5) velarni (zadnjonepčani): ṅa ~ gnjurati
За почетак,
а. основне и потпуно јасне разлике између србског и санскрита јесу:
- y санскриту нема Ж, З, Ф, Ц
- y србском нема ретрофлекса који припадају дравидским језицима
б. Остале разлике моја маленкост приписује потпуној формализацији санскрита чији се траг опет може релативно лако наслутити у нашем изговору (свакако кад се мало претерује у изговору). То су:
- услед аспирације санскрит прави разликy на пример и између ба бха док те код нас нема али је јасно да су б у бик и б у бусати (наравно (и) због самогласника који следе) различити.
- по месту творбе санскрит разликује пет носних гласова, ми три али нам два непозната нису проблематична за изговор (рецимо задњонепчани ṅа у гњурати)
в. Важне подударности (баш баш србске) опет јесу
- Ђ, Ћ, Ч и Џ
- Ш и С́
- ṛ и ḷ
г. формализација санскрита нарочито је уочљива при самогласницима али нам ни то историјски није страно (на пример Ъ, ЪІ, Ь, Ѣ, Ꙗ, Ѥ, Ю, Ѫ, Ѭ, Ѧ, Ѩ) па не знам је ли то више сличност или разлика.
Да не буде забуне,
аутор Рнђа ЉУБИТЕЉ слеш АМАТЕР
Ако сам негде погрешио или био недовољан биће ми драго ако ме будете исправили или допунили
а. основне и потпуно јасне разлике између србског и санскрита јесу:
- y санскриту нема Ж, З, Ф, Ц
- y србском нема ретрофлекса који припадају дравидским језицима
б. Остале разлике моја маленкост приписује потпуној формализацији санскрита чији се траг опет може релативно лако наслутити у нашем изговору (свакако кад се мало претерује у изговору). То су:
- услед аспирације санскрит прави разликy на пример и између ба бха док те код нас нема али је јасно да су б у бик и б у бусати (наравно (и) због самогласника који следе) различити.
- по месту творбе санскрит разликује пет носних гласова, ми три али нам два непозната нису проблематична за изговор (рецимо задњонепчани ṅа у гњурати)
в. Важне подударности (баш баш србске) опет јесу
- Ђ, Ћ, Ч и Џ
- Ш и С́
- ṛ и ḷ
г. формализација санскрита нарочито је уочљива при самогласницима али нам ни то историјски није страно (на пример Ъ, ЪІ, Ь, Ѣ, Ꙗ, Ѥ, Ю, Ѫ, Ѭ, Ѧ, Ѩ) па не знам је ли то више сличност или разлика.
Да не буде забуне,
аутор Рнђа ЉУБИТЕЉ слеш АМАТЕР
Ако сам негде погрешио или био недовољан биће ми драго ако ме будете исправили или допунили
Poslednja izmena:
Sanskrit Grammar » Sounds
To reveiw,
there are five points of pronunciation in Sanskrit:
To reveiw,
there are five points of pronunciation in Sanskrit:
- The soft palate. The soft palate is the fleshy region at the very back of the mouth.
- The hard palate. The hard palate is the bony region on the top of the mouth.
- The area behind the hard bump on the roof of the mouth. This bump sits behind the teeth.
- The base of the teeth
- The lips.
у рубрици сличности и разлике показао сам вел'ко незнање и међу разлике (али не драстичне) нисам уписао Анусвāру (аṃ) и Висаргу (аḥ). ипак су то напредне лекције. види овде или овако...
The anusvāra (ं, transliterated as ṃ) and visarga (ः, transliterated as ḥ) are grouped with the vowels, but they are neither vowels nor consonants. They are not vowels because they can never follow a consonant. They are not consonants because they can never begin a syllable. They can only appear immediately after a vowel, and cannot precede a vowel. They serve to “close” the vowel. Anusvāra (ṃ) closes the vowel with a resonant (nasal) sound from the mouth position of the consonant that follows it.
Visarga (ḥ) closes the vowel with an unvoiced breathy (aspirate) sound through the vowel’s mouth position. If the visarga comes at the end of a sentence, it is common to add a voiced echo of the vowel after the breath. For example, aḥ would be pronounced “aha”. This is not a standard rule, and many traditions end the word with the unvoiced breath sound. As for which method is more correct, I don’t think there is a definitive answer.
The anusvāra (ं, transliterated as ṃ) and visarga (ः, transliterated as ḥ) are grouped with the vowels, but they are neither vowels nor consonants. They are not vowels because they can never follow a consonant. They are not consonants because they can never begin a syllable. They can only appear immediately after a vowel, and cannot precede a vowel. They serve to “close” the vowel. Anusvāra (ṃ) closes the vowel with a resonant (nasal) sound from the mouth position of the consonant that follows it.
Visarga (ḥ) closes the vowel with an unvoiced breathy (aspirate) sound through the vowel’s mouth position. If the visarga comes at the end of a sentence, it is common to add a voiced echo of the vowel after the breath. For example, aḥ would be pronounced “aha”. This is not a standard rule, and many traditions end the word with the unvoiced breath sound. As for which method is more correct, I don’t think there is a definitive answer.
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Srbski je vedski jezik. Stari Srbi (Lepenski Vir Starcevo Vinca Varna Tripilian-Tripolje).
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Invazija starih Srba arijevaca (vede) u Indiju se desila u vreme Starceva i Vince, mnogo ranije nego pre 4000 godina.
Srpski jezik ima pravu i najvecu etimologiju. Od srpskog je nastao sanskrt.
Srpski jezik ima pravu i najvecu etimologiju. Od srpskog je nastao sanskrt.
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Panto sluša takve besmislice da je to izvan svake pameti.
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Ti lupas gluposti van pameti. Zena predaje sanskrt.
Svi posteni lingvisti kazu da je srpski (slovenski jezici) najblizi sanskrtu, to cak kazu i tvoji Hrvatski lingvisti.
ИгарЈ
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Цео потфорум је постао збирка псеудонаучних измишљотина, везе више нема с лингвистиком.
suave
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Kratka zanimljiva rasprava o sličnosti nekih reči u poljskom i zapadnoiranskim jezicima (staroperzijskom, pahlaviju, lori jeziku) Oba autora su arheolozi pa je ovo delo više stvar impresije sa terenskih istraživanja u Iranu ali je u svakom slučaju bilo zanimljivo pročitati kako poljaci vide mesto poljskog u odnosu na indoiransku grupu jezika . Internet i pre svega Youtube su olakšali komunikaciju između kultura pa se danas na Youtube-u može pronaći mnogo govornog materijala na različitim iranskim jezicima koji se mogu uporediti sa drugim indoevropskim jezicima, kod nas pre svega sa srpskim ali i drugim slavenskim jezicima
https://www.researchgate.net/public...rsian_Pahlav_Middle_Persian_and_Lori_language
https://www.researchgate.net/public...rsian_Pahlav_Middle_Persian_and_Lori_language
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