Savremena poljoprivreda još uvek zahteva veliko korišcenje razlicitih vrsta pesticida kako bi bila rentabilna. Sve se više vrednuju tendencije usmerene ka organskoj proizvodnji, ali je to u praksi još uvek samo san, koji se ostvaruje delimicno. Prema tome, osudeni smo na druženje sa pesticidima (fungicidima - suzbijaju gljivicna oboljenja, insekticidima - suzbijaju insekte, herbicidima - suzbijaju korove...), koji našim pcelama sve više nanose štete. Protekle godine ostace upamcene po masovnom trovanju pcela, pre svega insekticidima na celoj teritoriji naše zemlje. Nadam se da ce ovde predstavljena podela pesticida prema toksicnosti na pcele, pomoci da svojim susedima vocarima sugerišete zamenu veoma otrovnih preparata manje otrovnim po vaše pcele, pa cete vi biti zadovoljniji, a oni bezbrižniji.
Autor ovog napisa na svojim predavanjima pokušava da mnoge od dole pomenutih, pre svega fungicida (recimo Benomil) i insekticida (recimo Sistemin), približi pcelarima na pravi nacin, da umeju i da posavetuju vocare, a ne samo da se raspravljaju sa njima bez rezultata.
Oni bi trebali da usvojeno znanje prenesu na susede vocare, te da im objasne da je recimo prvopomenuti fungicid Benomil (benomyl) skoro bezopasan za pcele, ali i da je Sistemin (dimetoat) veoma toksican, i izaziva masovna trovanja pcela, a u praksi se najcešce koristi zbog relativno niske cene. Nedovoljno poznavanje preparata na tržištu i biljnih bolesti je osnovni uzrok primene pogrešnih, a cesto i neadekvatnih pesticida.
GRUPA 1 - Visoko toksicni pesticidi
(Pcele jako stradaju ako se prskawe obavlja tokom njihovog leta, ali do stradanja može doci i u narednih 5 dana po tretmanu zbog visoke otrovnosti preparata)
(LD50 manja od 2 mg po pceli)
-abamectin (Agri-mek, Avid)
-acephate (Orthene)
-aldicarb (Temik)
-aminocarb (Matacil)
-azinphos-metil (Azinfos-metil 25-WP, Cotnion 25-WP, Gusathion WP-25%, Guthion, APM)
-carbaryl (Sevin)
-carbofuran (Furadan)
-chlorpyrifos (Lorsban, Dursban)
-diazinon (Diazinon, Diazinon 20-EC, Diazol 20-EC, Basudin (R) 40, Bug-B-Gon, Dia-One)
-dichlorvos (Nuvan 500, Nogos 500, Cipofos, DDVP)
-dimethoate (Fosfamid 40-EC, Perfekthion 40 EC, Sistemin 40, Zorat EC 40, Cygon, Di-Thoate, Lagon)
-fenitrothion (Agrohemation 50-EC, Fenitrotion 50-EC, Fenitrotion E-50, Galation P-5, Sumithion, Folithion)
-fensulfothion (Dasanit)
-fenthion (Lebaycid EC-50, Zorcid EC-50, Baytex, Tiguvon, Spotton, Lysoff, Entex)
-fenvalerate (Fenarat E-20, Sumicidin 20-EC, Bovaid)
-fonofos (Dyfonate)
-imidacloprid (Confidor 200-SL, Gaucho 350-FS)
-lindane (Lindan 20-EC, Geolin G-3, Ksilolin, Ambrocide, Stockpest)
-malathion (Malation P-5, Etiol-tecni, Insektin, Malation E-50, Poljotion, Etiol-ULV, Malation-LVC, Malation ULV, Cuthion, Fyfenon)
-methamidophos (Monitor)
-methidathion (Suprathion, Ultracid (R) 40-WP, Ultravet 40 EC, Supracide)
-methiocarb (Mesurol-granulat, Mesurol)
-methomyl (Methomex SL-20, Lanate, Methomyl, Lanate-methomil, Lannate)
-naled (Dibrom)
-parathion (Galpar, Agropar)
-permethrin (Coopex generator, Kudos, Perigen, Ambush, Pounce, Ectiban, Atroban, Permectin, Siecn)
-phosmet (Imidan P-5, Imidan)
-propoxur (Unden 50% WP, Baygon)
-resmethrin
-tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona 50 WP)
GRUPA 2 - Umereno toksicni pesticidi
(U slucajevima pravilne upotrebe, doziranja, vremena primene i metoda aplikacije, ne predstavljaju direktnu opasnost, ali treba paziti da se ne nanose direktno na pcele i pcelinje zajednice)
(LD50 je izmedu 2 i 11 mg po pceli)
-coumaphos (Co-Ral)
-crotoxyphos demeton (Systox)
-disulfoton (DiSyston)
-endosulfan (Tiocid E-35, Tionex E-35, Thiodan, Thionex)
-formetanate hydrochloride (Carzol)
-oxamyl (Vidate-L, Vydate)
-oxydemethon-methyl (Metasystox-R)
-phorate (Timet G-5, Thimet)
-phosalone (Zolone liquide)
-sethoxydim (Poast)
-terbufos (Counter)
-triforine (Saprol, Funginex)
GRUPA 3 - Relativno netoksicni pesticidi
(Kada se koriste nedaleko od pcela mogu da daju minimalne štete)
(LD50 je veca od 11 mg po pceli)
-2,4-D (Monosan herbi, Herbisan, Dihlorin, Korovicid, Žitokor-D, Herbizor SL, Poljosan SL, Weed-B-Gone)
-2,4-DB (Weedaway, Caliber, Cobutox, Embutox, See)
-amitrole (X-all, Steril, Altizol, Amitrol-T, Amizol)
-anilazine (Dyrene)
-atrazine (Atrazin S-50, Atrazin-500, Atrazin-TS Župa, Atrazor 500-SC, Atrazor S-50, Gesaprim, Atrasan 500-SC, Atrasan 800-WP, Sutrazin WP 50, AAtrex)
-bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel, Bactospeine-WP, Biobit-WP, Foray-FC, Novodor-FC, Bactimos WP, Vecobac 12 AS, Thuricide, Novabac, Teknar, Trident, Tersan)
-benomyl (Benlate, Benomil WP 50, Benfungin 50%)
-bentazon (Basagran, Župazon, Basagran-600, Basagran forte)
-bordeaux mixture
-bromacil (Hyvar)
-bromoxynil (Pardner 225-EC, Torch, Brominal, Unity, Karil)
-butylate (Sutan+)
-captan chloramben (No Hoe)
-chlormequat chloride (Cycocel)
-chlorophacinone (Rozol, KSC5, Rat-XC, Super Bloc, Ratol, Disblok, Ground Force, Parapel, Gopher Doom, Ratachlor)
-chloropicrin (Methylbromide, Timber Fume)
-chlorothalonil (Bravo, Daconil, Nopcocide, Nuocide, Exotherm, Termil)
-chlorpropham (Sprout Nip, ShloroIPC, Spud-Nic)
-clofentezine (Apollo 50-SC)
-copper 8-quinolinolate (PQ, Quinolate, Cupristat)
-cyanazine (bladex) cycloate (Ro-Neet)
-daminozide (B-Nine Sp)
-dazomet (Basamid granulat, Slime-Trol, Metasol, Nalcon, Amerstat)
-dicamba (Banvel-480 S, Dycleer, Clarity, Cadence)
-dichlobenil (Casoron-G, Stryke)
-dichlone (Phygon)
-dichlorprop (Dicofluid-DP)
-diclofop-methyl (Hoe Grass)
-dicofol (Dikofol 20-EC, Kelthane)
-dienochlor (Pentac)
-diflubenzuron (Dimilin)
-dinocap (Karathane FN-57)
-diquat (Dikvat 14, Reglon forte)
-diuron (Diurex, Karmx)
-dodemorph acetate (Meltatox)
-dodine (Melprex S 65, Betz, Equal, Cyprex, Syllit)
-endothail (Des-i-cate)
-EPTC (Beskor E-77, Zean G-7, Eptam, Eradicane)
-ethephon (Cerone, Ethrel, Nu-Tomatotone, Base-250)
-ethofumesate (Zoron EC-20, Nortron, Nortron-super)
-ferbam folpet (Phaltan, Folpan)
-fosamine ammonium (Krenite)
-gibberellic acid (Activol)
-glyphosate (Glifosat-Zorka, Glitotal, Herbatop, Zorkatop, Glyphogan 480-SL, Round-Up, Side-Kick, Wrangler, Laredo, Renegade, Rustler, Rup, Clear-it, Touchdown, Glyfos)
-iprodione (Chipco)
-linuron (Afalon tecni, Liron tecni, Afalon, Linurex 50-WP, Liron S-50, Zeuron, Lorox)
-mancozeb (Dithane M 70, Mankozeb S 70, Dithane M 45, Mankogal 80, Dithane (R) plavi, Dithane M 45 flo, Manzate, Penncozeb)
-maneb MPCB (Topside, Tropotox)
-mecoprop-MCPP (Galoprop-57, Morogal, Mecoturf, Compitox, Chemweed)
-metalaxyl (Apron (R) 200 SL, sastojak Ridomil-a, Subdue)
-metaldehyde (Slug Bait)
-methoxychlor (Flo-pro, Methoxol, Moth Proofer, Marlate)
-methyl bromide (Meth-O-Gas, Terr-o-gas)
-metiram (Polyram DF)
-metobromuron (Patoran, sastojak Galex (R) 500-EC-a)
-metolachlor (Dual (R) 500-EC, 720-EC, 960-EC, sastojak Primextra-a, Primagran-a, Dualin-a)
-metribuzin (Sencor, Sencor-WG, Lexone, Fire)
-monolinuron (Afesin)
-MSMA (Glowon)
-napropamide (Devrinol 45-F)
-naptalam (Alanap)
-nicotine oxadiazon (Ronstar)
-oxycarboxin (Plantvax)
-paraquat (Galokson, Gramoxone, Parakvat-OHIS, Sweep)
-pebulate (Tillam)
-phenmedipham (Fenmedifam duo, Spin-Aid)
-picloram (Tordon)
-pirimicarb (Pirimor WP-50, Pirimor 25-WG)
-prometryn propargite (Omite 30-WP, Omite 57-E)
-pyrethrins
-rotenone (Noxfish, Deritex, Rotacide, Chem-fish, My-T-Mite)
-simazine (Simazin-500, Simazin S-50, Beskopan TS, Princep)
-sulfur (Kumulus)
-trichloracetic acid-TCA (NATA, Bar-Fox)
-terbacil (Sinbar)
-thiabendazole (Arbortect, Mertect, Apl Lustr, Britex)
-thiphanate-methyl (Galovit, Zovit-M, Senator, Easout, Zap Cap)
-thiram (TMTD Župa S, Skoot, Ropellant)
-trichlorfon (Dipterex-80%, Dipterex SL 50%, Dipterex ULV, Danex 80%, Dylox, Grybex)
-triclopyr, trhlorpir (Arbogal, Garlozor 4E, Garlon)
-trifluralin (Zorkatref, Agrotref-EC, Herbitref EC-48, Trefgal, Triflurex 48-EC, Župilan E-48, Sustref-48, Treflan EC, Eflurin 48 EC, Rival, Bonanza)
-vernolate (Vernam, Surpass)
-warfarin (Antikolin mamak, Antikolin prah, Rodentkil, Warfarin)
-zineb, cineb (Cineb P-20, Cineb S-65 Župa, Cineb S 80, Zineb)
-ziram, ciram (Ciram S 75, Ciram S 75 Župa, Ziram)